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Hormones and metabolism play a complex role in prostate enlargement, and more research is needed to improve diagnosis and treatment.

Early detection and comprehensive treatment of PCOS are crucial due to its long-term health impacts and associated risks.

Prolactin may be important for skin growth and immune function.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is not very common among Iranian women, but it's important to prevent it because of the risk of heart disease and infertility.

Girls with PCOS have higher levels of certain androgens, which are linked to excess hair growth, but these androgens don't help diagnose PCOS.

Doctors vary in how they initially test for PCOS, but most agree on using oral contraceptives and lifestyle changes as first treatments.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Adult female acne treatment should be personalized, considering individual preferences and pregnancy, using various topical and oral medications while managing side effects and resistance.

Taiwanese women with PCOS experience different symptoms based on age, with younger women facing more hormone imbalances and older women dealing with more metabolic issues.

The document concludes that managing skin conditions during pregnancy is important and requires specialized care.

Metformin improved menstrual cycle regularity and signs of hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes but did not improve blood sugar control.

Hair loss may indicate higher heart risk and metabolic issues.

PCOS increases the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes in women.

Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that can cause low self-esteem and depression, and early treatment is important to prevent scarring.

Teens with PCOS have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and need regular glucose checks.

New guidelines stress early diagnosis and lifestyle changes to manage metabolic syndrome and prevent complications.

Higher androstenedione levels in women with PCOS are linked to more severe symptoms.

Higher testosterone and DHT levels are linked to hair loss in men, but not to prostate cancer risk.

Testosterone is crucial for development, growth, and various body functions in mammals.

Antiandrogen therapy helps treat genetic hair loss.

Birth control pills help treat skin and hair growth problems linked to high male hormone levels.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

Myo-inositol supplements may improve insulin sensitivity and help with conditions like PCOS and gestational diabetes, but more research is needed.

Metformin helps reduce PCOS-related infertility by improving insulin sensitivity and inducing ovulation.

Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.

High levels of anti-Müllerian hormone can indicate polycystic ovarian syndrome in women who can have babies.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

The document concludes that blocking the internal pathways that create androgens might help treat cancers that depend on sex hormones.