TLDR Higher androstenedione levels in women with PCOS are linked to more severe symptoms.
The study with 1276 women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) according to the Rotterdam criteria found that elevated serum androstenedione (A4) levels greater than 3.8 ng/ml were associated with a more severe PCOS phenotype. Women with higher A4 levels had increased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/FSH ratio, testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), 17 OH progesterone, and free androgen index (FAI), and a lower T/A4 ratio. This was true for the entire PCOS group as well as for those with clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenemia (phenotypes I and II). Increased ovarian volume was observed across the entire PCOS group with elevated A4 levels, while a greater mean follicular number was specific to phenotypes I and II. The study concluded that serum A4 levels could be a valuable marker for assessing the severity of PCOS.
15 citations
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October 2011 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Obesity changes androgen levels in women with PCOS, leading to higher testosterone relative to androstenedione.
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October 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.
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September 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The research found that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has two distinct types, with one having more severe hormone and insulin issues.
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February 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Most women with excess male hormones have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and hormonal therapy can improve symptoms but may cause side effects.
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August 2001 in “Clinical endocrinology” Lean and obese women with PCOS have similar levels of insulin resistance, indicating it's a core aspect of the condition.
April 2025 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal” Reference values for nine hormones were established to help diagnose PCOS.
April 2021 in “Journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences” Women with PCOS have higher levels of certain androgens, which are good at predicting excess hair growth.
73 citations
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June 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Polycystic ovarian shape is a genetic sign of PCOS and its hormonal and metabolic features can be inherited.
186 citations
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February 1980 in “Clinical Endocrinology” During puberty, hormone levels rise, with early increases in some steroids and most menstrual cycles becoming regular by six years after menarche.