Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Features, Diagnostic Criteria, and Treatments

The 2014 document provides a comprehensive review of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder affecting 6-15% of women, characterized by symptoms such as oligo-anovulation, hirsutism, and infertility. It outlines the diagnostic criteria from the 2003 Rotterdam consensus, which requires at least two of the following: oligo-anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. The document discusses the role of hyperandrogenism, often resulting from genetic factors and exacerbated by insulin resistance, in the development of PCOS and its symptoms, including hirsutism and acne. It also addresses the psychological impact of PCOS, noting higher levels of anxiety and depression among affected women. Metabolic features like insulin resistance are highlighted, with insulin sensitizing agents such as metformin mentioned as treatments. The document further discusses PCOS's implications across different life stages, including pregnancy complications, menopause, and the potential worsening of metabolic syndrome features. It concludes that PCOS is a long-term condition requiring further study to improve understanding and treatment.