Diagnosis, Management, and Associated Comorbidities of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting many adolescent and reproductive-aged women worldwide, diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria. External factors like epigenetics, environmental toxins, stress, and diet, along with internal factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and obesity, contribute to PCOS. Early detection is vital due to its long-term metabolic and reproductive health impacts. PCOS patients are at risk for comorbidities including cardiac diseases, metabolic syndromes, insulin resistance, and infertility. Treatment should prioritize lifestyle changes, supported by medications like mucolytic agents, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, gliptins, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogues, glitazones, and SGLT2 inhibitors. A systematic and comprehensive treatment approach is essential.