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This review analyzed clinical trials and guidelines on 5-α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) and found these drugs significantly improve urinary symptoms in BPH and stabilize hair loss in androgenic alopecia, but may cause sexual dysfunction and gynecomastia.

This review discusses the pharmacology of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, their expanding clinical indications beyond benign prostatic hyperplasia, and notes unresolved claims about their potential role in SARS-CoV-2.

This narrative review discusses adverse effects associated with 5-ARI treatments for male-pattern baldness and benign prostate hyperplasia, including sexual health, neurological, endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular impacts, and emphasizes careful prescription assessment.

IL-6 contributes to hair loss by shortening the growth phase and causing hair follicles to regress.

Male and female mice have different skin thickness, and hormones affect their skin and hair growth differently.

This study found that nuclear androgen receptors are not necessary for androgen self-administration, suggesting that plasma membrane receptors might be involved.

This study found that vanillic acid from wheat bran promoted dermal papilla cell proliferation, potentially stimulating hair growth by activating the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.

This study found that in adolescent male rats, androgens enhance inhibitory avoidance memory, possibly by interacting with androgen receptors in the amygdala and hippocampus.

In this study, nandrolone decanoate treatment in rats caused persistent diestrus and altered steroid receptor expression and sex hormones, especially at higher doses, with partial reversibility at lower doses over time.

This study found that components derived from Uromedic® pumpkin seeds, especially Δ7-sterols, may inhibit DHT production and AR binding, potentially benefiting prostate and bladder health by moderating these mechanisms.

This study in male mice found that testosterone provides strong protection against skin necrosis after ischemia, working through its estrogenic and androgenic derivatives to enhance skin survival and revascularization, with 17β-estradiol being notably more effective than dihydrotestosterone.

This study investigated the effects of the 60% alcohol extract from Alnus sibirica and its active compound, oregonin, on hair health, observing anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic benefits in human hair dermal papilla cells exposed to oxidative stress, suggesting potential as natural materials for hair loss prevention.

This study suggests that male sex and androgenic steroid use increase the risk of atrial arrhythmias in individuals with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, especially those with desmosomal gene mutations.

This study examined the evolutionary and functional homology of steroid 5α-reductase and DET2 proteins, identifying protists as a common ancestor, and discovered a new subclass DET2-like in plants, potentially involved in polyprenol reduction.

This study found that exosomes derived from bovine colostrum promoted hair growth in mice by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, with effects similar to minoxidil but without adverse effects.

This study found that 3D-cultured dermal papilla cells more accurately mimic in vivo conditions compared to 2D cultures, enhancing our understanding of molecular mechanisms in androgen-induced alopecia.

This study found that nuclear androgen receptor expression was enhanced by dihydrotestosterone in rat gubernacular mesenchyme, but this did not affect muscle morphology or matrix composition during fetal development.

In this study, male rats with spinal cord injury that received either E2 or DHT supplementation both showed restored expression of respiratory neuroplasticity following acute intermittent hypoxia, with E2 also enhancing overall breathing recovery.

This study found that low androgen levels in rat penile endothelial cells were associated with a decrease in eNOS-expressing extracellular vesicles and reduced nitric oxide production.

This review describes oncotherapy-induced alopecia in patients receiving hormone therapy for hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer and concludes that topical hormones should not be used due to oncogenic potential.

This study investigated how 2D and 3D cell culturing methods influence hair follicle morphogenesis, finding that 3D cultures responded more expectedly to minoxidil while 2D cultures reacted better to DHT treatment, challenging the assumption that 3D cultures are always superior.

In this animal study, finasteride treatment altered testosterone metabolism in rat corpus cavernosum, linked to mechanisms of erectile dysfunction, but these changes were reversed after stopping the drug, suggesting post-treatment sexual side effects may relate more to central control dysfunction than peripheral issues.

This study found that a sub-fraction of Noni fruit, FEA-3, showed hair growth-promoting effects in a rabbit model of androgenic alopecia, similar to Minoxidil.

In this study, FMN was found to inhibit androgen receptor function and androgen-regulated gene expression in prostate cancer cells, suggesting potential as an antiandrogen therapy.

This study highlights that hair-bearing organoids derived from embryonic stem cells can effectively model androgenic alopecia conditions and test the efficacy of anti-hair loss treatments.

This study found that Ishophloroglucin A from brown seaweed may treat androgenic alopecia by inhibiting 5α-reductase and promoting hair growth-related factors in human dermal papilla cells.

Low-frequency electromagnetic fields may help treat hair loss by promoting hair regrowth.

This study found that the 15-PGDH inhibitor DPP improved endothelial function in hair-related cells exposed to DHT by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing angiogenic capacity.

In this study, hemp seed-derived exosomes (E40) showed potential for counteracting DHT-induced inhibition of feather follicle development in chicken embryos by modulating critical signaling pathways, suggesting a therapeutic approach for alopecia.

This study found that sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract significantly accelerated hair regrowth in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, suggesting its potential as a safe and effective natural therapy.