December 2025 in “Brazilian Journal of Hair Health” This review highlights that natural DHT blockers like saw palmetto and pumpkin seed oil show promise in managing androgenetic alopecia, though clinical data varies, and further research is needed to confirm their efficacy and safety in comparison to conventional pharmaceuticals.
May 2022 in “Pharmacognosy journal” This review examined moringa seed oil's potential to combat alopecia, reporting that its phytosterol and fatty acid compounds may block dihydrotestosterone formation and support healthy hair growth.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Clinical Research” This study reported the development of a scalp serum containing Beta-Sitosterol and nutrient-rich oils, showing stable physicochemical properties, suggesting potential for promoting hair growth and scalp health, though further clinical testing in humans is needed to confirm effectiveness.
July 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” This abstract reviews testosterone supplementation with and without a dual 5α-reductase inhibitor on fat-free mass in men with suppressed testosterone production and reports no new research findings.
11 citations
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March 2009 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters” This study reports that 4-(alkylthio)- and 4-(arylthio)-benzonitriles showed moderate sebum reduction as androgen receptor antagonists when applied topically in a validated animal model.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” This mini-review examines ethnopharmacological approaches to manage hair loss in postmenopausal women, highlighting promising botanical remedies like saw palmetto, rosemary oil, and ginseng. The authors underscore a need for more interdisciplinary trials and focus on traditional remedies' multifaceted benefits, while noting gaps in menopausal-specific evidence.
11 citations
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May 2010 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” This study introduced a novel nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist that effectively controls sebum production in the golden Syrian hamster ear model through targeted follicular delivery.
12 citations
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January 2018 in “Pharmacology & pharmacy” This study found that components derived from Uromedic® pumpkin seeds, especially Δ7-sterols, may inhibit DHT production and AR binding, potentially benefiting prostate and bladder health by moderating these mechanisms.
10 citations
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June 2019 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This review discusses the potential benefits of phytochemicals for hair care and emphasizes the need for more robust preclinical and clinical studies, without reporting new clinical results.
2 citations
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February 2021 in “Brain Research” This study found that testosterone replacement in castrated male rats counteracted endotoxemia-induced arterial baroreflex dysfunction without significantly affecting neuroinflammation.
23 citations
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March 2014 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” The study observed that testosterone reduced knee range of motion in ovariectomized female rats, potentially by downregulating specific relaxin receptor isoforms, with its effects mediated via dihydro-testosterone.
3 citations
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January 2022 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” This study found that Arc/Arg3.1 expression in hippocampal neurons is regulated by sex steroids in a sex-dependent manner, with E2 increasing expression in females and DHT in males.
18 citations
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December 2016 in “Phytomedicine” In this study, applying 1% or 5% Curcuma aeruginosa essential oil lotion to the underarm for 10 weeks significantly slowed hair growth and brightened skin in young women, with no adverse effects reported.
5 citations
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August 2023 in “The World Journal of Men s Health” This study found that red ginseng oil (RXGIN) significantly improved lower urinary tract symptoms and some aspects of sexual function in men, with no serious adverse events reported.
January 2024 in “Forte Journal” This study found that formula 4 of the citronella and coconut oil combination promoted rabbit hair growth comparably to the positive control.
This study suggests that 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester from African Yam bean seeds may inhibit the human 5α-reductase II enzyme, potentially helping manage BPH, although further studies are needed.
June 2013 in “Expert Review of Dermatology” The article concludes that hormonal therapy is an effective long-term acne treatment, even for those without hormonal imbalances.
26 citations
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November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” This study reported that prenatal exposure to dihydrotestosterone altered long-term androgen metabolism in juvenile male rats, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms for 5a-reductase in hypothalamic versus pituitary tissues.
1 citations
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October 2023 in “International journal of Ayurveda and pharma research” This source reviews various herbal remedies for treating hair loss, highlighting their potential benefits and reduced side effects compared to synthetic treatments, which often do not deliver lasting results and can cause adverse reactions.
March 2023 in “International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology” This article discusses various synthetic and herbal treatments for alopecia, noting limited effectiveness and associated side effects of synthetic options, and reports no new clinical results.
44 citations
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March 2012 in “Fitoterapia” In this study, germacrone from Curcuma aeruginosa showed anti-androgenic effects by inhibiting 5α-reductase, suggesting its potential as a lead compound for treating androgen-dependent disorders.
35 citations
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May 2020 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms, efficacy, and adverse reactions of drugs commonly used for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia but reports no new clinical results.
25 citations
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November 2001 in “Kidney International” This study suggests that dihydrotestosterone plays a key role in the development of chronic allograft nephropathy, and inhibiting androgens may improve long-term kidney transplant outcomes.
25 citations
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June 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” This study found that local androgen biosynthesis and metabolism in human sebaceous glands play a crucial role in sebum synthesis and secretion.
21 citations
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July 2019 in “Cardiovascular Research” This study found that prenatal exposure to androgens caused long-lasting heart remodeling and left ventricular hypertrophy in female mice offspring, suggesting potential cardiac risks for daughters of mothers with PCOS.
11 citations
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August 1997 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents” This review discusses nearly 70 patent applications for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia and other hair conditions, highlighting the mechanisms of action explored but reports no clinical results.
11 citations
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December 2018 in “Assay and Drug Development Technologies” This review highlights the challenges in screening for steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors and discusses significant variability in the effectiveness of finasteride and dutasteride, calling for standardized testing methods to develop safer, more specific inhibitors from herbal preparations.
6 citations
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May 2022 in “Research and reports in urology” This study found that Caesalpinia bonduc seed extracts significantly reduced prostate weight and improved prostate tissue morphology in Wistar rats with testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia.
3 citations
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June 2021 in “Cosmetics” This study found that sulforaphane may help alleviate hair loss by increasing hair count after 18 weeks of use and enhancing the expression of a DHT-degrading enzyme in cellular models.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology” This source describes how androgenic alopecia, or pattern hair loss, affects about 70% of men and is linked to factors like stress, hormonal imbalances, and lifestyle issues, which can also impact psychological well-being and potentially contribute to severe health conditions such as heart disease.