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Testosterone therapy and surgeries like mastectomy improve transgender men's lives and mental health with low risks and high satisfaction.

The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.

Si Jun Zi Tang may slow aging by affecting specific cell signaling pathways.

Stem cells regenerate tissues and their behavior varies by environment, suggesting the hematopoietic system model may need revision.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.

Higher androgen levels and site-specific AR expression cause sex-related skeletal differences, and certain steroids can boost AR expression and androgen effects in bone cells.

FoxN1 overexpression in young mice harms immune cell and skin development.

Transplant success has improved with better immunosuppressive drugs and donor matching.

Hair curvature in Japanese people is linked to specific cell types and filament arrangements in the hair cortex.

Mitochondrial Complex I reduces inflammation and increases bone breakdown by affecting certain immune cells.

Hair follicle stem cells are similar to bone marrow stem cells but are better for fat cell research.

Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.

Blocking Wnt signaling in young mice causes thymus shrinkage and cell loss, but recovery is possible when the block is removed.

The document concludes that specific hair and blood vessel abnormalities in infants with seizures and developmental issues may indicate Menkes disease, which lacks a cure and is often fatal by age 3.

Researchers created a mouse model for Cushing's syndrome to study glucocorticoid excess and potential treatments.

Basonuclin 2 is vital for the development of facial bones, hair follicles, and male germ cells in adult mice, and its absence can lead to dwarfism and abnormal follicles.

Rac1 is essential for proper hair structure and color.

TGF-alpha is present in sheep and ferret skin and may affect hair growth without directly stimulating cell proliferation.

Adding insulin-like growth factor 1 and bone marrow-derived stem cells to a collagen-chitosan scaffold helps wounds heal faster and regrows hair follicles.

The model helps understand how wool fiber structure affects its strength and flexibility.

DHEA supplementation may improve quality of life, neuropsychological functions, and sexual satisfaction in individuals with adrenal insufficiency, but more research is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness.

Cushing's syndrome can cause serious health problems, and early treatment is crucial, but some issues may remain after treatment.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Electrospun nanofibers show promise for enhancing blood vessel growth in tissue engineering but need further research to improve their effectiveness.

Keratin from hair binds well to gold and BMP-2, useful for bone repair.

Some cancer treatments can cause permanent hair loss.

Deleting Snai2 and Snai3 causes fatal autoimmunity.

Prednisone reduces organ mast cell infiltration but does not alter the abnormal appearance of mast cells in systemic mastocytosis.

Hair follicle stem cells might help treat traumatic brain injury.