April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that male pattern baldness was associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, particularly at the scalp.
November 1983 in “American Biology Teacher” This article revisits the genetics of pattern baldness but reports no new clinical findings.
58 citations
,
July 1986 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Lowest effective minoxidil concentration is 1%, but 2% works better for male pattern baldness.
57 citations
,
January 2004 in “Journal of Endocrinology” This study found no support for the idea that male-pattern baldness in female-to-male transsexuals indicates an increased risk of coronary heart disease through androgenic effects on classic risk factors.
57 citations
,
July 1987 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, minoxidil treatment was associated with an increase in nonvellus scalp hairs, but this effect was not sustained once the treatment was stopped.
51 citations
,
November 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study suggests that the HDAC9 gene is a third susceptibility gene for male-pattern baldness, with significant associations found in both German and Australian samples.
51 citations
,
March 1987 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that twice-daily application of 3% topical minoxidil maintained a higher nonvellus hair count compared to once-daily application over 2 years and 9 months in men with male pattern baldness.
50 citations
,
November 2010 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” This study suggests that Botox injections may increase hair count and reduce hair loss in men with androgenetic alopecia, potentially through increased blood flow and oxygen to the scalp.
42 citations
,
April 2009 in “Human Genetics” This study suggests that the AGA risk haplotype in Europeans was driven to high frequency by positive selection, likely associated with a variant in the EDA2R gene.
40 citations
,
July 2008 in “Drug Discovery Today” This review addresses the limited efficacy of current treatments for male pattern baldness and explains that emerging genetic insights could lead to more effective future therapies.
38 citations
,
February 2011 in “Annals of Oncology” This study found that early-onset androgenic alopecia is associated with a higher risk of developing prostate cancer, although it was not linked to earlier diagnosis or more aggressive tumors.
19 citations
,
April 2014 in “Hormones” Hormones and genetics play key roles in male and female baldness, which can affect mental health and may be linked to other health issues.
14 citations
,
May 2014 in “Archives of plastic surgery” This study found that among Korean males with male pattern baldness, hair loss mostly progresses within 6 cm from the parietal whorl towards the occipital side.
8 citations
,
May 1987 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, ultraviolet light did not significantly enhance or worsen hair growth induced by topical minoxidil in men with male pattern baldness.
4 citations
,
November 2017 in “Cancer Causes & Control” This study found that men with androgenetic alopecia at age 20 years may have a higher risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer, particularly advanced stage disease.
4 citations
,
December 2011 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that higher cumulative doses of topical minoxidil solution were strongly associated with improved hair density and thickness in male patients with androgenic alopecia over a 24-week period.
41 citations
,
March 1987 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study observed that 2% minoxidil solution was at least as effective as 3% for increasing hair growth and stabilizing bald areas in men with male pattern baldness.
53 citations
,
March 1987 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Minoxidil effectively regrows hair in male pattern baldness.
38 citations
,
February 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study suggests that the AR/EDA2R locus may contribute to early-onset female pattern hair loss, but no association was found with the 20p11 locus.
25 citations
,
January 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that finasteride decreases DHT/T levels more significantly in the vertex scalp hair than in the occipital hair of patients with male pattern baldness.
25 citations
,
May 1986 in “The American Journal of the Medical Sciences” In this study, 53% of patients with male pattern baldness experienced significant hair growth with one year of topical minoxidil, while 95% rated its effectiveness as moderate or excellent.
19 citations
,
January 2001 in “Dermatology + psychosomatics” This review discusses the perceptions of male pattern baldness by strangers and explores the sociocultural aspects of hair and hair loss but reports no new results.
8 citations
,
March 2020 in “Metabolites” This study found differences in urinary androgen and estrogen concentrations between male pattern baldness patients treated with finasteride and healthy controls, suggesting potential biomarkers for post-finasteride syndrome.
8 citations
,
February 2010 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” This study developed a detailed classification system for functional androgenization in females that may enhance diagnosis and personalized treatment by identifying individual dysfunctions.
4 citations
,
May 2002 in “Aesthetic Surgery Journal” This review discusses hair transplantation advances for female alopecia, offering a classification system and various techniques, while emphasizing preoperative evaluation and addressing the psychological impact and expectations of hair restoration in women.
January 2024 in “International Ayurvedic medical journal” This study explores how Ayurveda concepts, specifically Prakruti, relate to male pattern baldness, suggesting that individual constitutional types may predict susceptibility to earlier hair loss when influenced by modern lifestyle factors.
43 citations
,
July 1984 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This study found that women with common baldness treated with cyclical antiandrogen therapy for 52 weeks experienced increased hair density and a higher percentage of hairs in the anagen growth phase.
5 citations
,
June 2023 in “Engineering Technology & Applied Science Research” This study developed a new neural network model (AA-GAN-AB-MTEDeep) to enhance Alopecia Areata classification using synthetic scalp images, achieving an accuracy of 96.94%.
1 citations
,
May 2025 in “Journal of Digital Information Management” This study evaluated different convolutional neural network architectures for diagnosing scalp and hair diseases, and found that VGG16 and VGG19 consistently outperformed other models in accuracy, demonstrating their effectiveness and reliability in this medical application.
14 citations
,
March 2016 in “Journal of Dermatology” This study found that Korean patients with androgenetic alopecia had higher rates of cardiovascular diseases and related risk factors than those without the condition, with variations by severity and type of hair loss.