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All-trans retinoic acid causes hair loss by increasing TGF-β2 in hair follicle cells.

Mutant mice help researchers understand hair growth and related genetic factors.

A20 protein is crucial for normal skin and hair development.

The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.

Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.

The article explains the genetic causes and symptoms of various hair disorders and highlights the need for more research to find treatments.

The document concludes that recognizing and properly diagnosing lipodystrophy syndromes is crucial for effective management and treatment.

Chemokine signaling is important for hair development.

The LRRK2-G2019S mutation in Parkinson's disease has a lifetime penetrance of 25-35%, and finasteride may help reduce symptoms in adult male Tourette syndrome patients.

Natural 5α-reduced glucocorticoids might be anti-inflammatory with fewer side effects than current options.

Finasteride reduces Tourette syndrome symptoms, but results may be limited due to potential biases.

Eph/ephrin signaling is important for skin cell behavior and could be targeted to treat skin diseases.

The conclusion is that hirsutism should be diagnosed and treated because it affects quality of life and may signal other health problems.

Long-term minoxidil use can cause pseudoacromegaly, but stopping it improves symptoms.

A 17-year-old developed woolly hair nevus in adolescence, which is unusual, and over time the hair darkened and straightened slightly, but microscopic changes persisted.

Finasteride may help reduce symptoms in male Tourette syndrome patients.

Using steroids can increase the risk of heart problems.

Adrenal disorders can cause lasting brain and behavior issues in children.

Short anagen syndrome involves a hair growth phase lasting 1.5 years.

The conclusion is that accurately identifying the cause of high androgen levels in women with PCOS is crucial and requires specific tests.

Facial dark spots can be caused by the sun, genetics, makeup, or medicine, and are diagnosed by patient history and skin tests.

Some congenital hair disorders improve in childhood or with treatments like minoxidil and retinoids, while others like Netherton syndrome and trichothiodystrophy have a poor prognosis.

Hair thinning and loss in a girl with a rare metabolic disorder was linked to her condition.

The document concludes that inherited epidermolysis bullosa is a challenging genetic condition requiring multidisciplinary care and new treatments.

The document describes a woman with familial Parkinson's disease due to a genetic mutation, showing severe symptoms and poor response to treatment, and suggests finasteride may help reduce symptoms in Tourette syndrome.

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors may cause a low incidence of erectile dysfunction that decreases over time.

People who carry the 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency gene are not more likely to have excessive male hormone levels.

Acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition that may indicate a higher risk for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and more research is needed to understand and treat it.

Researchers found genetic mutations causing hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in 88% of studied patients and identified new mutations and genetic variations affecting the disease.

Future research on ectodysplasin should explore its role in diseases, stem cells, and evolution, and continue developing treatments for genetic disorders like hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.