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In this research, Holstein cows immunized with human hair keratin produced antibodies in both colostrum and regular milk that specifically bind to hair keratin, enhancing hair tensile strength without affecting skin keratin.

This article discusses advancements and methodologies in epitope identification for autoimmune diseases, specifically alopecia areata, but does not report new experimental results.

This study found that anagen stage protein homogenates and specific epitopes from melanogenesis proteins activated CD8 T cells, suggesting alopecia areata is an anagen-specific disease.

Following COVID-19 vaccination, this case report observed that a 31-year-old male displayed a significant abnormal autoimmune response, leading to suspected undifferentiated connective tissue disease possibly overlapping rheumatoid arthritis and SLE, despite negative autoimmune markers prior to surgery.

This study observed that male sex, diabetes mellitus, and high maximum C-reactive protein levels during the acute phase of COVID-19 were linked to elevated anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels.

This study identified keratins as autoantigens in alopecia areata and found that a tolerogenic form of keratin application delayed disease progression in mice by affecting T-cell responses.

This study observed that anti-multiple nuclear dots antibodies, typically markers for primary biliary cirrhosis, were also present in patients with various autoimmune and connective tissue diseases, without correlating to disease activity or specific skin features.

This study supports that an antibody response against anagen-specific hair follicle antigens, including trichohyalin and keratin 16, may play a role in alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata is linked to autoimmune antibodies.

This study suggests that an immune response to trichohyalin and keratin 16 may contribute to the pathogenesis of alopecia areata.

In this case report, a woman with unexplained hair loss and high ANA levels developed systemic lupus erythematosus, highlighting the importance of monitoring autoantibodies for early lupus detection and management.

This review explores the autoimmune hypothesis of alopecia areata and the possible genetic and melanogenesis-associated autoantigens, but reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the complexity of identifying hair follicle antigens involved in alopecia areata and reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for further research on autoantigen identity.

Trichohyalin in hair can trigger immune attacks in alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata patients have more activated T cells in their blood, which may help in developing treatments.

This study demonstrated that a microarray patch can deliver antibodies in a controlled and prolonged manner, maintaining their functionality after manufacturing and heat exposure, with successful pharmacokinetic proof-of-concept in rats.

Hair loss treatment caused more hair loss in a man.

In this study, researchers demonstrated that CD4 T cells from skin-draining lymph nodes in mice with alopecia areata can transfer the disease to recipient mice, revealing a critical role for CD4 T cells in disease development and suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

This study identified a monoclonal antibody, HKN-2, that recognizes specific cells in human skin and may indicate a common antigenic determinant between hair and other skin epithelial tissues.

This review examines the potential of CAR-T cell therapy as a transformative treatment for refractory autoimmune diseases, highlighting its mechanisms, clinical challenges, and promising strategies for precision immunotherapy despite issues like complex manufacturing and antigen escape.

This study found that keratin 14 may serve as an autoantigen in autoimmune skin diseases, indicated by its altered expression in affected skin and reactivity of patient sera.

This study observed a significant association between antigliadin antibodies (IgA and IgG) and alopecia areata severity, suggesting that serological tests could help diagnose subclinical celiac disease in these patients, with IgA and IgG showing 100% sensitivity and specificity at specific cutoff points.

This observational study concluded that anti-Ku antibodies do not specifically indicate any systemic autoimmune disease or associated clinical phenotype.

This study found that all examined biomarkers and clinical features were elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, particularly ANA and Anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, but no single biomarker was sensitive or specific enough for diagnosis.

This study highlights cases of alopecia areata that developed during anti-TNF-α therapy, suggesting a potential link or increased frequency, particularly among individuals with a personal or family history of autoimmune diseases.

Some people with chronic hair loss may have thyroid autoimmunity.

This study found a significant association between antigliadin antibodies (IgA and IgG) and alopecia areata severity, suggesting a need for celiac disease screening in these patients.

This study found that in mice with alopecia areata, CD8+ T cells showed clonal expansion and specific regulatory networks, which might help identify new therapeutic targets for patients not responding to JAK inhibitors.

This study developed rat monoclonal antibodies that specifically detect Pax1/PAX1 protein, which could improve diagnostic protocols for conditions involving deregulated Pax1/PAX1 expression.