September 2002 in “Fertility and sterility” This study found that metformin therapy is associated with the initiation of ovulatory cycles in women with PCOS and a trend toward reduced 17P responses after six months, but did not improve hirsutism or body composition.
105 citations
,
December 2009 in “Archives of dermatology” This overview discusses primary cicatricial alopecias, focusing on lichen planopilaris, and highlights the challenges in treatment and the progressive nature of hair loss despite symptom management, without providing new clinical results.
80 citations
,
December 1996 in “Pain” This study found that spinal strychnine enhances low threshold tactile responses in cat dorsal horn neurons, which may mirror pain states in humans that are less responsive to opioid treatments.
59 citations
,
August 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” This review discusses the roles and therapeutic effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on the nervous, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems, but reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for further research on their impact on metabolism and tumor relationships in type 2 diabetes patients.
25 citations
,
September 2024 in “Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy” This study found that while glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists report more incidents of suicide, hair loss, and aspiration compared to some other antidiabetic drugs, they did not meet the threshold for positive safety signals.
25 citations
,
July 2013 in “Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry” This study found that spironolactone reduced fish fecundity and caused masculinization of females at certain concentrations, while having no effect on Daphnia magna reproduction, underscoring concerns for environmental exposure to vertebrates.
19 citations
,
October 2009 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters” This study found that a thyroid hormone receptor ẞ subtype-selective thyromimetic was effective in promoting hair growth in mouse and monkey models when applied topically.
11 citations
,
July 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that a 1% Sandalore® solution reduced hair shedding and improved hair volume and anagen phase duration in women with telogen effluvium over 24 weeks, compared to placebo.
11 citations
,
July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” β-estradiol slows hair growth in mice.
9 citations
,
January 2018 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” This study found that carbonic anhydrase II was significantly upregulated in human keratinocytes when treated with toll-like receptor 3 agonist and Th2 cytokines, suggesting its potential role in inflammatory skin conditions.
8 citations
,
June 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Certain peptides can prevent hair loss in young rats caused by a cancer drug.
5 citations
,
August 2024 in “Cureus” In this study, GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced BMI and improved metabolic and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS, though the long-term effects remain unclear.
5 citations
,
December 2015 in “Dermatologic Therapy” In this study, topical phenylephrine significantly reduced hair shedding and increased the force needed to pluck hair in women undergoing cosmetic procedures, suggesting its potential utility for traction alopecia.
3 citations
,
February 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Ch55 may help reduce skin scarring and fibrosis.
3 citations
,
March 2017 in “Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology” In this study, aleglitazar and its metabolite M6 were evaluated for safety in non-clinical settings, revealing organ-targeting effects common to PPAR agonists but no significant tumor increase in rat carcinogenicity studies, supporting progression to Phase 3 clinical trials.
1 citations
,
September 2025 in “Dermatology and Therapy” This review suggests that glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have potential benefits for dermatologic conditions but may also cause adverse skin reactions and impact surgical outcomes.
1 citations
,
January 2025 in “American Journal of Translational Research” This study found that PPARα agonists provided protective effects in mouse models of alopecia areata by promoting early reversal of the condition and inhibiting T effector cell function, indicating potential therapeutic value for this inflammatory condition.
1 citations
,
February 2022 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” In this study, researchers found that the thyroxine receptor agonist TDM10842 accelerated the onset of anagen, a hair growth phase, in C3H mice, potentially through activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin and Hedgehog pathways, with Pclaf playing a key role in this process.
August 2026 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study observed that dermatological and hair changes, like skin sagging and hair shedding, commonly occur early during weight loss with GLP-1 receptor agonists, highlighting the need for tailored dermatological care alongside treatment.
July 2026 in “JAAD reviews.” This literature review highlights a potential but uncertain link between GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy for type 2 diabetes and obesity and hair loss, with variations among different medications.
July 2026 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP agonists may increase the risk of hair loss.
June 2026 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” This meta-analysis found that GLP-1 receptor agonists are associated with a 40% increased risk of non-scarring alopecia, likely due to weight loss-induced micronutrient deficiency, with significant associations for telogen effluvium and androgenetic alopecia. However, some patients with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia showed improvement.
This study found that GLP-1 receptor agonists are linked to a 40% increased risk of non-scarring alopecia in adults, mainly due to weight loss-induced micronutrient deficiencies, with semaglutide and tirzepatide showing the highest hair loss signals.
This study found that GLP-1 receptor agonists are linked to a significant 40% increased risk of non-scarring alopecia, which may result from weight loss-induced micronutrient deficiency.
June 2026 in “Frontiers in Nutrition” This study provides a narrative review suggesting GLP-1 receptor agonists could optimize metabolic health before conception in women with PCOS, but not necessarily improve fertility outcomes, emphasizing individualized use and the need for further research to confirm their reproductive benefits and safety.
May 2026 in “Dermatologic Surgery” This study reports conflicting evidence on whether GLP-1 receptor agonists are associated with various forms of alopecia, suggesting dermatology practitioners should consider monitoring and counseling patients using these medications.
May 2026 in “Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern” This narrative review explores current evidence on GLP-1 receptor agonists and hair-related conditions, noting reports of both hair regrowth and potential associations with telogen effluvium.
April 2026 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” GLP-1 receptor agonists may help or harm hair health, needing more research.
January 2026 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” This study found that hair shedding occurs in seven out of ten users of GLP-1 receptor agonists in real-world settings, a much higher prevalence than in clinical trials, which affects treatment adherence, especially among women experiencing significant weight loss.
October 2025 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This review suggests weak associations between GLP-1 receptor agonists and increased reports of hair loss, particularly with semaglutide and tirzepatide, while cases of hair regrowth were also occasionally documented.