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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.

Microspheres about 1.5 micrometers in size can best penetrate hair follicles, potentially reaching important stem cells.

The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.

Glucocorticoids are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs that must be used carefully to avoid serious side effects.

BCC can protect heart cells from damage caused by oxidative stress.

Pantethine may boost the immune system's ability to fight sarcoma.

308-nm excimer light therapy helped over a third of treatment-resistant alopecia universalis patients regrow most of their hair.

Parkinson's disease is linked to skin disorders and skin cells help in studying the disease.

Women with PCOS have thicker parafoveal areas in their retinas, but their macular blood vessel density is normal.

Tacrolimus causes fewer acute rejections than cyclosporin A in kidney transplants but doesn't necessarily improve kidney function after one year; cardiovascular risks and side effects vary between the two drugs.

Removing myelin protein zero-like 3 in mice leads to better metabolism and resistance to obesity.

A low-starch/low-dairy diet may help overweight women with PCOS lose weight and improve metabolism, but more research is needed.

Iron nanoparticles made from pumpkin extract effectively treated burns and promoted healing in mice.

Nano-sized lipid particles increase dexamethasone's skin penetration and create a reservoir in the skin layers.

Grape seed oil improved hair quality the most, followed by rosehip and safflower seed oils, and reduced damage from shampoo.

Adding amber particles to polyamide fibers makes them suitable for medical textiles like compression socks.

Zinc pyrithione dissolves quickly on the skin and in hair follicles, especially in smaller particles.

Reducing copper (II) ion levels in hair can decrease hair damage.

4-(4-Phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid derivatives can both increase and decrease certain types of reactive oxygen species, and may be relevant to hair loss.

Exosomes from umbilical cord cells fix hearing loss and damaged ear hair cells in mice.

Nanoparticles with more oleic acid improved the delivery and stability of the drug spironolactone.

Wild African goats have genetic adaptations for surviving harsh desert conditions.

Hair follicle-derived IL-7 and IL-15 are crucial for maintaining skin-resident memory T cells and could be targeted for treating skin diseases and lymphoma.

The study developed a reliable method to measure active ingredients in hair nourisher products using HPLC.

Using extracellular vesicles from stem cells can help hair grow by affecting scalp cells and hair follicles.

Researchers developed a quick and reliable method to test for betamethasone dipropionate and calcipotriol in ointments and drugs.

Medium-sized particles penetrate hair follicles better than smaller or larger ones, which could improve delivery of skin treatments.

Tofacitinib nanoparticles can safely and effectively treat alopecia areata by targeting hair follicles.

Lecithin-encapsulated resveratrol nanoparticles could be a safe and effective anti-cancer treatment.