May 2026 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found that serum 3α-androstanediol glucuronide levels were higher in Indian women with female pattern hair loss and correlated with the severity of the condition.
179 citations
,
May 1982 in “The Journal of clinical investigation/The journal of clinical investigation” This study found that plasma 3 alpha-diol glucuronide was markedly elevated in women with idiopathic hirsutism, suggesting it may be a marker of peripheral androgen action.
13 citations
,
September 1986 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study found that women with female pattern baldness often had a higher ratio of 3 alpha,17 beta-androstanediol glucuronide to sex hormone-binding globulin and lower serum sex hormone-binding globulin, possibly indicating minimal androgen excess.
3 citations
,
January 1992 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” This study concluded that serum Adiol-G levels generally parallel testosterone levels and, therefore, do not effectively serve as a marker of peripheral androgen excess in women with androgenic symptoms.
51 citations
,
November 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study found that serum 3 alpha-Adiol-G levels in men are significantly associated with chest hair density and acne, indicating its role in reflecting androgen activity in peripheral tissues.
66 citations
,
October 1987 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study found that serum 3 alpha-diol G levels in women with idiopathic hirsutism correlated well with their clinical response to treatment, suggesting its usefulness in evaluating treatment outcomes.
54 citations
,
November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” In this study, females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency exhibited decreased body hair, normal sebum production, and delayed menarche, suggesting a role for DHT in hair growth and menstrual function.
177 citations
,
June 1991 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study found that caucasian subjects had higher serum levels of 5 alpha-reduced androgen metabolites compared to Chinese subjects, suggesting racial differences in 5 alpha-reductase activity and a potential mechanism for increased body hair in caucasian men.
24 citations
,
October 1994 in “Fertility and Sterility” This study suggests that in women with androgenic alopecia and men with premature balding, enhanced 5α-reductase activity and altered androgen conjugation, favoring sulfurylation, may be involved in scalp hair loss.
64 citations
,
March 1984 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” In this study, cyproterone acetate combined with estradiol dramatically improved hirsutism symptoms and significantly reduced plasma testosterone and androstenedione levels in patients over periods of up to three years.
57 citations
,
May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” This review found that women with idiopathic hirsutism may have increased 5α-reductase activity, as indicated by elevated levels of a dihydrotestosterone-reduced metabolite, but more research is needed to confirm its clinical relevance as a biomarker.
17 citations
,
October 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that finasteride may effectively reduce hirsutism in women with idiopathic hirsutism, as evidenced by lower Ferriman-Gallwey scores and hormone levels, without significant adverse effects.
196 citations
,
May 2001 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that SZ95 sebocytes and HaCaT keratinocytes exhibit distinct enzyme expressions and activities, implicating their different roles in androgen metabolism and homeostasis in vitro.
54 citations
,
February 1993 in “Endocrine reviews” This review examines the physiological role of androgen conjugates in cutaneous androgen metabolism and questions their association with hirsutism, without presenting new clinical findings.
31 citations
,
January 1995 in “The American journal of medicine” This article reviews the role of 5α-reductase in cutaneous hyperandrogenism and the potential of 5α-reductase inhibitors and antiandrogens in treating conditions like hirsutism and male-pattern baldness, reporting no clinical results.
45 citations
,
January 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” This study found that overexpression of AKR1C3 in prostate cancer cells redirected androgen metabolism towards testosterone production, which facilitated cell proliferation, potentially reducing the effectiveness of finasteride treatment.
22 citations
,
September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that three months of oral finasteride treatment significantly decreased dihydrotestosterone levels and hair growth in hirsute women without negatively affecting gonadotropin secretion.
33 citations
,
October 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that finasteride treatment significantly reduced hirsutism scores in women with idiopathic hirsutism over 6 months and was well tolerated.
218 citations
,
December 2011 in “Advances in Urology” This review discusses the biochemical properties and clinical significance of 5 alpha-reductase isozymes and reports no new clinical results.
11 citations
,
May 1996 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study reported that 5 alpha-reductase type 2 is the predominant enzyme in pubic skin fibroblasts across normal men, women, and hirsute patients, suggesting potential treatment options for idiopathic hirsutism.
May 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that intracrine androgen signaling, mediated by steroid 5α-reductase, is essential for optimal decidualization and vascular development in the endometrium during pregnancy, indicating potential targets for improving age-related fertility issues.
4 citations
,
November 2022 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” This study found that intracrine androgen signaling via 5α-reductase is essential for optimal endometrial decidualization and vascular development during this process in mice.
147 citations
,
April 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that finasteride significantly suppresses serum dihydrotestosterone levels at all tested doses in normal male volunteers without significant adverse effects.
17 citations
,
October 2003 in “Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research” This study found that SDR5A1 gene expression was similar between hirsute women, normal women, and men, suggesting it may not explain differences in hair growth among these groups.
35 citations
,
May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” This study concludes that high skin 5α-reductase activity may contribute to hirsutism, but the specific regulatory mechanisms and genetic factors remain unclear.
16 citations
,
March 2000 in “Clinical Biochemistry” In this study, women with androgenic alopecia showed increased excretion of steroid metabolites and heightened 5α-reductase activity, suggesting these may contribute to the condition's hormonal abnormalities.
3 citations
,
February 2021 in “Molecules” In this study, researchers developed a sensitive assay to measure the inhibition of steroid 5-α reductase (5AR) by chemicals like finasteride and dutasteride, revealing species-specific differences in inhibitor efficacy between human and fish cell lines.
47 citations
,
September 2016 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” This review discusses the steroidogenic properties of human skin and suggests that impaired steroidogenesis may be linked to conditions like acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and androgenic alopecia, but reports no new clinical results.
47 citations
,
August 2000 in “Endocrine Reviews” This review discusses idiopathic hirsutism, potential underlying mechanisms, and various therapeutic approaches without providing new clinical results, and emphasizes the need for further research on well-defined patient groups.
24 citations
,
January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” This review examines hormonal influences on acne development and available hormonal therapies but reports no new clinical results.