Exploring the Complexities of TGF-Beta Signaling in Keloids: Beyond the Classical Smad Pathway

    April 2026 in “ International Journal of Molecular Sciences ”
    Jiao Mo, Hui Huang, Baochen Zhu … Yange Zhang
    Studysummary This study reviews evidence that in keloid development, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) drives fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis not only through the classical Smad-dependent pathway but also via equally important Smad-independent signaling cascades, suggesting these pathways as possible targets for more effective keloid therapies.
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    4. Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities for Wound Healing Stem cell research & therapy · 2023
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