ROS-Responsive Hydrogel-Delivered miR-665 Targets STAT3 to Alleviate Inflammation and Promote Hair Follicle Regeneration in Alopecia Areata

This manuscript reviews the latest understanding of alopecia areata's pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, with a focus on immune responses involving IFN-γ and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells as key contributors to hair follicle inflammation and function disruption without follicle destruction.

This study tested a hydrogel microneedle patch delivering T reg attractants in mice with alopecia, finding it boosted regulatory T cell numbers at the site, leading to hair regrowth without causing peripheral immunosuppression, suggesting a potential new approach for autoimmune skin disease treatment.

In this narrative review, researchers outlined the role of T cells in the autoimmune pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlighted ongoing research into therapeutic pathways, beyond current JAK inhibitors, aimed at developing new treatments for the disease.

This study investigated the effects of exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on hair loss in mice with alopecia areata, emphasizing the potential of these easily isolated and stored exosomes for research and clinical treatment.

In this study, researchers found that inducing mitophagy can alleviate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in outer root sheath cells under conditions of mitochondrial stress, suggesting that targeting mitophagy and inflammasome interactions may offer new therapeutic approaches for alopecia areata.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata had higher levels of oxidative stress markers and lower antioxidant enzyme activity compared to healthy controls.

In this study, activation of Tgr5 was found to improve alopecia areata and bone microstructure in mice by down-regulating the JAK1-STAT3 signaling pathway.

This review compiles current evidence on the molecular mechanisms, etiologies, and targeted immunotherapies for alopecia areata and reports no new experimental results, emphasizing the need for further research to manage the disease.

This study found that human hematopoietic mesenchymal stem cells increased the viability and migration of human outer root sheath cells in an in vitro alopecia areata model, involving Wnt/β-catenin and JAK/STAT pathways.

In this study, selective inhibition of JAK3 signaling effectively prevented and reversed alopecia areata in a mouse model, while JAK2 inhibitors did not restore hair growth.

This review discusses the emerging use of JAK inhibitors in alopecia areata treatment and reports no new clinical results; it highlights hair regrowth despite symptom recurrence after stopping therapy.