Fibroblasts – The Cellular Choreographers of Wound Healing

    August 2023 in “ Frontiers in Immunology ”
    Samuel Knoedler, Sonja Broichhausen, Ruiji Guo, Ruoxuan Dai, Leonard Knoedler, Martin Kauke‐Navarro, Fortunay Diatta, Bohdan Pomahač, Hans‐Günther Machens, Dongsheng Jiang, Yuval Rinkevich
    TLDR Fibroblasts are key to wound healing by managing immune cells and forming scar tissue.
    This review emphasizes the critical role of fibroblasts in wound healing, highlighting their heterogeneity and diverse functions. Fibroblasts, particularly Engrailed-1-lineage positive fibroblasts, are essential for extracellular matrix transport, wound closure, and scar formation. Their depletion can lead to chronic wounds. Fibroblasts are involved in all healing stages and can differentiate into various forms, influencing repair. Understanding their diversity could lead to new treatments for wound pathologies. Recent research using single-cell RNA sequencing has identified multiple fibroblast subtypes, with DPP4/CD26-expressing fibroblasts being major contributors to ECM production and scar formation. Inhibition of DPP4/CD26 has shown potential in reducing scarring. The study also explores mechanotransduction signaling pathways, with inhibitors like verteporfin preventing scarring and promoting regeneration. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) modifies fibroblast signaling, reducing scarring. The findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies for enhancing wound healing and reducing scarring, with further research needed for clinical application.
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