Extensive Challenges and Pending Advances in the Study of 5-Alpha-Reductase Isoenzymes: A Literature Review

This literature review highlights the significant role of the 5α-reductase enzyme family (SRD5A) in androgen-dependent disorders, including androgenic alopecia. It identifies three isoenzymes: SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and the less-explored SRD5A3, which is notably overexpressed in various cancers with poor prognosis. The review underscores the challenges in crystallizing these enzymes, which has historically hindered structural studies. However, recent advances have led to the identification of effective steroidal and non-steroidal inhibitors that have improved treatments for conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgenic alopecia. Despite these advances, the biochemical and physiological properties of SRD5A3 remain less understood, indicating a need for further research.