22 citations
,
April 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” Human hair follicles have a unique metabolism that changes between growth stages and may contribute to baldness.
37 citations
,
October 2009 in “Dermatology” This study suggests that the action of minoxidil in stimulating hair growth likely occurs at the follicular dermal papilla, though it does not induce new follicle formation.
5 citations
,
July 2009 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” This study found that nuclear androgen receptor levels varied among females with androgen-dependent dermatoses, being highest in hirsutism, which may suggest superior androgen stimulability compared to acne and androgenetic alopecia.
31 citations
,
January 1989 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” In this study, topical 2% minoxidil did not significantly improve hair density measures in men with male pattern baldness, although there was no deterioration, suggesting a potential prophylactic effect.
24 citations
,
December 1988 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found no correlation between acne severity and clinical signs of androgenicity in women, suggesting factors other than hyperandrogenaemia may contribute to acne development.
17 citations
,
July 1988 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found psychological improvements related to hair problems, social discomfort, and self-esteem were greater in the group using minoxidil for early-stage androgenetic alopecia compared to the placebo group.
130 citations
,
May 1988 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that frontal and frontoparietal hair recession is relatively common in women, especially after menopause, and may not indicate abnormal androgen metabolism absent other virilization signs.
39 citations
,
July 1987 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 
19 citations
,
March 1987 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study reports that cimetidine treatment resulted in good to excellent hair regrowth in 70% of the small group of women with androgenetic alopecia, with no major side effects observed.
31 citations
,
January 1987 in “Dermatology” This study reports that topical minoxidil led to normalization of hair follicle characteristics in 36 of 47 severe alopecia areata patients, and indicated a shift in T cell populations, suggesting potential immunomodulatory effects.
13 citations
,
January 1987 in “Dermatology” This study observed that the active metabolite minoxidil sulfate promotes vascular relaxation by enhancing potassium permeability, which may inform understanding of minoxidil's antihypertensive and hair growth effects.
26 citations
,
January 1987 in “Archives of Dermatology” In this study, topical minoxidil did not show an antiandrogenic effect on androgen-dependent cutaneous structures in the golden Syrian hamster, suggesting it likely does not have this role in humans either.
19 citations
,
January 1987 in “Dermatology” This review discusses the effects of minoxidil on human skin fibroblasts, reporting its potential to inhibit lysyl hydroxylase activity and DNA synthesis, suggesting it may have antifibrotic applications for collagen-related skin conditions.
73 citations
,
October 1986 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that a combination of topical tretinoin and 0.5% minoxidil resulted in terminal hair regrowth in 66% of subjects with androgenetic alopecia over one year.
14 citations
,
September 1986 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study found that women with female pattern baldness had a marked increase in the 3α,17β-androstanediol glucuronide/sex hormone binding globulin ratio and low serum sex hormone binding globulin.
58 citations
,
July 1986 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Lowest effective minoxidil concentration is 1%, but 2% works better for male pattern baldness.
25 citations
,
May 1986 in “The American Journal of the Medical Sciences” In this study, 53% of patients with male pattern baldness experienced significant hair growth with one year of topical minoxidil, while 95% rated its effectiveness as moderate or excellent.
54 citations
,
February 1986 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study found that 5% topical minoxidil solution led to greater hair regrowth in severe alopecia areata patients compared to 1% minoxidil, although most regrowth was not cosmetically acceptable.
16 citations
,
January 1986 in “Dermatology” In this study, 1% minoxidil lotion led to good results in 18% of male patients with androgenetic alopecia, but only 6% maintained regrowth one year after stopping treatment.
19 citations
,
December 1985 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Minoxidil can cause scalp comedones and acne.
34 citations
,
September 1985 in “Contact Dermatitis” Minoxidil can cause skin irritation like eczema and rash in some users.
13 citations
,
August 1985 in “Archives of Internal Medicine” This study found that polysorbate 60 was ineffective for promoting new hair growth in male pattern baldness, as no significant difference was observed compared to placebo.
7 citations
,
August 1985 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This study found that subcutaneous injection of medroxyprogesterone acetate was more effective than intramuscular or topical treatments in reducing hair diameter for hirsute females.
138 citations
,
August 1985 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Minoxidil promotes hair growth in male pattern baldness.
29 citations
,
August 1985 in “Contact Dermatitis” Minoxidil can cause allergic reactions like burning, itching, and red bumps.
54 citations
,
June 1985 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” This abstract does not provide specific findings or results.
17 citations
,
March 1985 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Minoxidil can lower blood pressure in some people.
142 citations
,
February 1985 in “Fertility and sterility” This study found that spironolactone reduced serum androstenedione and anagen hair shaft diameter in hirsute patients but did not significantly alter unbound testosterone levels, suggesting its effects are primarily peripheral.
55 citations
,
February 1985 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study found that 32% of patients with hereditary male pattern baldness experienced cosmetically acceptable hair growth after applying topical minoxidil twice daily, with no serious side effects reported.
52 citations
,
February 1985 in “Archives of Dermatology” Minoxidil absorbs poorly through skin, with low risk of side effects at 1-2% concentration.
101 citations
,
January 1985 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This article discusses oral spironolactone therapy for female patients with acne, hirsutism, or androgenic alopecia and reports no new clinical results.
203 citations
,
November 1984 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study presents evidence suggesting that androgenetic alopecia is most likely inherited through a polygenic model, challenging the traditional view that it is caused by a simple Mendelian autosomal dominant gene.
80 citations
,
September 1984 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” In this study, 5% topical minoxidil was observed to promote hair regrowth in some patients with androgenic alopecia, while no regrowth was noted in patients with alopecia areata.
112 citations
,
August 1984 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 
43 citations
,
July 1984 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This study found that women with common baldness treated with cyclical antiandrogen therapy for 52 weeks experienced increased hair density and a higher percentage of hairs in the anagen growth phase.
137 citations
,
May 1984 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Minoxidil increases blood flow in balding scalps, possibly reversing hair loss.
78 citations
,
April 1984 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study found that 1% minoxidil topical solution led to terminal hair regrowth in some patients with alopecia areata, though it was only cosmetically acceptable in less than half of those cases.
63 citations
,
January 1984 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Minoxidil promotes hair growth by increasing cell division and DNA synthesis.
72 citations
,
December 1983 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Minoxidil helps hair cells live longer and grow longer.
15 citations
,
November 1983 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This study found that testosterone propionate increased hair mass in female hamsters' flank organs, while cyproterone acetate applied topically reduced androgen-stimulated hair in a dose-dependent manner.
90 citations
,
October 1983 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that individuals with androgenic alopecia have an increased number of thin hairs (less than 40 microns in diameter) per cm², which may affect their clinical appearance.
29 citations
,
September 1983 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that men with androgenetic alopecia had significantly lower levels of sex hormone binding globulin and higher salivary testosterone compared to controls, while plasma testosterone levels did not differ.
5 citations
,
June 1983 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This article discusses management strategies for hirsutism in women and provides no new clinical research results.
7 citations
,
May 1983 in “Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde” This study concluded that intramuscular administration of medium-dose cyproterone acetate with oral ethinylestradiol is highly effective in managing hirsutism, showing better response rates than high-dose oral treatment.
27 citations
,
July 1982 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The antiandrogen 11α-hydroxyprogesterone effectively reduces skin oil and cholesterol when applied to the skin.
34 citations
,
April 1982 in “BMJ” 
183 citations
,
March 1982 in “JAMA” This study reported that spironolactone at 200 mg/day significantly improved facial hair growth in women with hirsutism and showed a sustained reduction in ovarian androgens over one year.
40 citations
,
March 1982 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that women experiencing diffuse hair loss had significantly lower levels of plasma sex-hormone binding globulin compared to controls, while their testosterone levels remained normal.
7 citations
,
July 1981 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This study found that the normalized androgen ratio (NAR) could help evaluate androgen activity in women with acne vulgaris, hirsutism, and androgenetic alopecia, showing elevated NAR in some patients.
6 citations
,
November 1980 in “Clinical Endocrinology” This study measured plasma testosterone glucosiduronate levels and found no overlap in those with hyperandrogenism compared to normal females, despite normal testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in half of the affected patients.
14 citations
,
January 1980 in “Dermatology” In this study, oral cyproterone acetate reduced hair density and diameter in women with idiopathic hirsutism, but the effects were not permanent after stopping treatment, and plasma androgen levels remained unchanged.
37 citations
,
January 1980 in “PubMed” This study found that topical hair lotions with 17 alpha-estradiol may reduce telogen hair loss in patients with androgenetic alopecia, though they did not lead to new hair regrowth.
73 citations
,
November 1979 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Minoxidil can cause excessive hair growth.
66 citations
,
October 1977 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Cyproterone acetate reduces hair growth and oil production.
102 citations
,
September 1977 in “The Lancet” Minoxidil with propranolol and diuretics lowers blood pressure but causes fluid retention and hair growth.
666 citations
,
September 1977 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This article presents a classification system for stages of female-pattern androgenetic alopecia to aid early diagnosis and mentions existing systems for rare male-pattern cases, but reports no new clinical results.
6 citations
,
January 1977 in “Archives of dermatological research” 74 citations
,
November 1975 in “Archives of dermatology” This review discusses testosterone metabolism in human skin and its role in androgenetic skin disorders, suggesting that temporary increases in dihydrotestosterone may lead to these conditions.
94 citations
,
August 1975 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” In this study, the researchers observed that male pattern alopecia is characterized by miniature follicles, enlarged sebaceous glands, and an increased number of mast cells, without significant abnormalities in enzyme activity.
232 citations
,
June 1975 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” In this study, a treatment regimen combining cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol significantly improved acne and seborrhoea in most women after three months, but had varied effects on hirsutism and alopecia.
4 citations
,
March 1975 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This article examines the chemical factors contributing to hair loss and their significance in cosmetology but does not report new empirical results.
10 citations
,
March 1973 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 
63 citations
,
October 1972 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Women with thinning hair have thinner hair strands than women without hair loss.
39 citations
,
October 1967 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hair loss in women often doesn't follow a pattern, isn't linked to age, may be genetic, and can be related to thyroid issues or other health factors.
