Evolution of Trichocyte Keratins

January 2018 in “ Advances in experimental medicine and biology ”

Leopold Eckhart, Florian Ehrlich

Studysummary This review discusses the evolutionary history of keratins and reports no new results, highlighting key events that contributed to the development of mammalian hair and integument.

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research Getting to the root of scales, feather and hair: As deep as odontodes?

73 citations , June 2017 in “Experimental Dermatology”

research Clustered Xenopus Keratin Genes: A Genomic, Transcriptomic, And Proteomic Analysis

19 citations , November 2016 in “Developmental Biology”

research The Process of Cornification Evolved From the Initial Keratinization in the Epidermis and Epidermal Derivatives of Vertebrates: A New Synthesis and the Case of Sauropsids

73 citations , January 2016 in “International review of cell and molecular biology”

Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.

research Trichohyalin-Like Proteins Have Evolutionarily Conserved Roles in the Morphogenesis of Skin Appendages

68 citations , April 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study identified a new S100 fused-type protein, scaffoldin, in reptiles and birds and suggests that SFTP-positive epithelia serve as scaffolds for the growth of various skin appendages, indicating a common evolutionary origin.

research Increased Rate of Hair Keratin Gene Loss in the Cetacean Lineage

42 citations , January 2014 in “BMC Genomics”

This study highlights the loss of hair-type keratin genes in cetaceans compared to terrestrial mammals, suggesting a potential adaptive role linked to their hairless phenotype and habitat changes.

research A Splice Variant in KRT71 Is Associated with Curly Coat Phenotype of Selkirk Rex Cats

40 citations , June 2013 in “Scientific Reports”

This study found an association between a splice site variant in the KRT71 gene and curly hair in Selkirk Rex cats, identifying a significant locus on chromosome B4.

research Recurrent Functional Divergence of Early Tetrapod Keratins in Amphibian Toe Pads and Mammalian Hair

19 citations , March 2013 in “Biology Letters”

This study found that the main structural proteins of tree frog toe pads, which aid in their adhesive properties, are alpha keratins that have evolutionary origins in early tetrapods.

research The Chicken Frizzle Feather Is Due to an Alpha-Keratin (KRT75) Mutation That Causes a Defective Rachis

99 citations , July 2012 in “PLoS Genetics”

This study identified a 69 bp deletion in the KRT75 gene as the cause of the frizzle feather trait in chickens, affecting feather curling.

research Perspectives on Hair Evolution Based on Comparative Studies on Vertebrate Cornification

17 citations , June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution”

This review explores theories on the evolution of hair from synapsid scales and glands, proposing mechanisms supported by comparative studies, but reports no new experimental findings.

research Unique Amino Acid Signatures That Are Evolutionarily Conserved Distinguish Simple-Type, Epidermal, and Hair Keratins

76 citations , December 2011 in “Journal of Cell Science”

This study found that keratins have evolutionarily conserved and domain-selectively enriched amino acids, which likely reflect their unique structural roles, with distinct patterns observed among epidermal, hair, and simple-type epithelial keratins.

research Annotation of Sheep Keratin Intermediate Filament Genes and Their Patterns of Expression

83 citations , May 2011 in “Experimental Dermatology”

In this study, researchers identified nine new sheep keratin genes, highlighting species-specific differences in the expression and compartmentalization of wool-related keratin genes compared to humans.

research The Nude Mutant Gene Foxn1 Is a HOXC13 Regulatory Target During Hair Follicle and Nail Differentiation

68 citations , December 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study suggests a regulatory model where HOXC13 activates Foxn1, affecting hair and nail differentiation, supported by similarities in Hoxc13(tm1Mrc) and Foxn1(nu) mice phenotypes and gene expression patterns.

research Defining the Complex Epithelia That Comprise the Canine Claw With Molecular Markers of Differentiation

6 citations , October 2009 in “Veterinary Dermatology”

This study identified various cell types in the canine claw, showing complex mechanisms of cellular differentiation similar to mammalian hair and human nails.

research Expression Patterns of Keratin Intermediate Filament and Keratin Associated Protein Genes in Wool Follicles

95 citations , March 2009 in “Differentiation”

Gene expression in wool follicles changes with growth cycles, offering insights into wool and human hair growth.

research Identification of Reptilian Genes Encoding Hair Keratin-Like Proteins Suggests a New Scenario for the Evolutionary Origin of Hair

115 citations , November 2008 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

In this study, the researchers found that mammalian hair likely evolved through the adaptation of existing structural proteins, as similar cysteine-rich α-keratins were identified in chicken and lizard genomes, suggesting pre-mammalian origins.

research The Human Keratins: Biology And Pathology

1398 citations , May 2008 in “Histochemistry and Cell Biology”

This review summarizes the cell type distribution and functional significance of human keratins, emphasizing their roles in tumor diagnosis and potential clinical applications, and reports no new clinical findings.

research Transcriptional Activation of a Subset of Hair Keratin Genes by the NF-κB Effector p65/RelA

7 citations , November 2007 in “Differentiation”

This study found that NF-κB's p65/RelA subunit can directly activate hair keratin genes, suggesting a new role in hair formation that may inform the understanding of ectodermal dysplasias.

research Hair Follicle-Specific Keratins And Their Diseases

138 citations , March 2007 in “Experimental cell research”

This review discusses hair keratins and hair follicle-specific epithelial keratins and their association with inherited hair disorders, reporting no new clinical results.

research The Proteomics of Keratin Proteins

62 citations , August 2006 in “Journal of Chromatography B”

This article reviews the challenges in studying keratin proteins and emphasizes the potential of modern proteomic techniques to advance their research, but it reports no new findings.

research Terrestrial Vertebrates Have Two Keratin Gene Clusters; Striking Differences in Teleost Fish

47 citations , July 2005 in “European Journal of Cell Biology”

Terrestrial vertebrates have balanced keratin gene clusters, unlike teleost fish.

research Keratins of the Human Hair Follicle

276 citations , January 2005 in “International review of cytology”

More research is needed to understand how hair keratins work and their role in hair disorders.

research Expression of Hair Keratins in the Adult Nail Unit: An Immunohistochemical Analysis of Onychogenesis in the Proximal Nail Fold, Matrix, and Nail Bed

110 citations , August 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

In this study, researchers identified the ventral matrix as the primary source of nail plate formation, while the dorsal portion is generated by the apical matrix.

research HOXC13 Is Involved in the Regulation of Human Hair Keratin Gene Expression

132 citations , February 2002 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

This study demonstrated that HOXC13 directly influences hair keratin gene expression by binding to specific DNA motifs, suggesting its role in early hair follicle differentiation.

research The Catalog of Human Hair Keratins

272 citations , September 2001 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

This study cataloged human type II hair keratins, detailing their expression and differentiation roles in hair follicles and comparing them with type I keratins to explore keratin-pairing principles.

research The Catalog of Human Hair Keratins

235 citations , July 1999 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

This study establishes a catalog of human type I hair keratins and identifies their specific roles and expression patterns during hair differentiation and growth in scalp follicles.