May 2026 in “Research Square” This research reports that the polyG fragment within the Hoxc13 protein alters its gene regulatory functions, which could have influenced mammalian hair evolution by affecting pathways related to hair follicle development.
June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study found that the HoxC gene cluster is crucial for the development of hair and nails in mice, with key regulation by two mammalian-specific enhancers.
18 citations
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January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” This review discusses the evolutionary history of keratins and reports no new results, highlighting key events that contributed to the development of mammalian hair and integument.
25 citations
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November 2020 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” This study found that the HoxC gene cluster plays a critical role in the development of ectodermal organs, including hair and nails, with mammalian-specific enhancers increasing transcription levels during development.
77 citations
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April 2016 in “Science Advances” Researchers created a fully functional, bioengineered skin system with hair from stem cells that successfully integrated when transplanted into mice.