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Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.

Hair and wool have diverse keratins and keratin-associated proteins.

Researchers developed a new method to clearly see and label hair proteins with minimal errors using advanced freezing and microscopy techniques.

Hair microscopy is useful for diagnosing hair disorders, but clear definitions are needed for accurate genetic analysis.

An apple-based supplement was found to stimulate hair protein production, which may help with hair growth.

Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.

Changes in keratin affect skin health and can lead to skin disorders like blistering diseases and psoriasis.

Scientists successfully created mouse hair proteins in the lab, which are stable and similar to natural hair.

Keratin proteins in epithelial cells are dynamic and crucial for cell processes and disease understanding.

Human hair keratins K85 and K35 create unique filament patterns important for early hair formation.

The document concludes that the human keratin gene cluster is complex, with a need for updated naming to reflect over 50 functional genes important for hair and skin biology.

New treatments targeting specific genes show promise for treating keratin disorders.

Bald thigh syndrome in sighthounds is caused by structural defects in hair shafts due to downregulated genes and proteins.

Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.

Disulfide bonds in keratin fibers break more easily under stress, especially when wet, affecting fiber strength.

Neurohormones help control skin health and could treat skin disorders.

Mutations in the PADI3 gene are linked to a higher risk of scarring hair loss in women of African descent.

Feed restriction in sheep leads to finer wool fibers but may reduce wool quality.

KAP-depleted hair causes less immune response and is more biocompatible for implants.

The model helps understand how wool fiber structure affects its strength and flexibility.

Environmental factors can cause mutations in skin proteins, leading to skin disorders.

Hair fiber research combines multiple sciences to improve hair care products.

The document concludes that understanding hair's composition and the effects of treatments can lead to better hair care products.

Transglutaminase activity is important for skin and is found in both mammals and birds.

New imaging techniques show testosterone delays hair growth and shrinks follicles in mice, but have limited depth for viewing.

Different combinations of human hair keratins affect how hair fibers form.

Keratin proteins are crucial for hair growth and structure.

Hair proteins have weak spots in their α-helical segments.

Keratin hydrogels from human hair show promise for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Keratoacanthoma comes from hair follicle cells.