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This study found that FOXN1 haploinsufficiency is a significant genetic factor causing T cell lymphopenia at birth, linked to reduced thymic function in both humans and mice.

This study developed a foxn1-deficient Xenopus laevis model using CRISPR/Cas9, observing reduced T-cell markers and altered immune responses in tadpoles, providing a nonmammalian model for immunological research.

This study identified that patients with compound heterozygous mutations in FOXN1 exhibited severe T-cell lymphopenia but retained normal hair and nail development, indicating a distinct clinical phenotype from classic FOXN1 cases.

This study demonstrated that the human thymus contains clonogenic thymic epithelial cells capable of self-renewal and maintaining a thymic phenotype in a specific culture system.

This study found that thymus transplantation in infants with FOXN1 deficiency led to T-cell reconstitution and functional immunity, resolving serious infections and cytopenias.

This study found that the postnatal thymus contains a population of mesenchymal stem cells that may help maintain functional thymic microenvironments.

In this study, rat primary thymic epithelial cells demonstrated a clonogenic growth pattern in vitro and were able to integrate into functional thymus or differentiate into skin derivatives, similar to skin multipotent stem cells.

This study found that thymosin β4 is highly expressed in multiple human tissues and may play a role in organ function and angiogenesis through co-localization with VEGF.

Thymosin β4 helps heal wounds, grow hair, and improve blood vessel formation.

This review summarizes existing knowledge on the role of FOXN1 as a key regulator of thymic epithelial cell lineage and function, reporting no new experimental results.

This review discusses the intracellular activity of β-thymosins and their role in modulating the actin cytoskeleton, but it reports no new experimental results.

This study identified Th22 cells as key effectors in hair regeneration driven by thymosin beta 15, suggesting they could be potential targets for hair regrowth therapies.

This review discusses the roles and mechanisms of thymosin β4 in hair follicle growth and development but reports no new experimental findings; the authors emphasize the need for further research on its molecular pathways.

This study found that deleting the ATR gene in adult mice led to rapid onset of age-related traits such as hair graying and osteoporosis through reduced regenerative capacity.

In this study, researchers identified a specific T cell receptor associated with carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions, demonstrating its potential for therapeutic development in patients with the HLA-B*15:02 genotype.

This study demonstrates that canonical Wnt signaling is crucial for maintaining thymic epithelial microenvironments in postnatal thymus, possibly by affecting TEC progenitor cells.

This mini-review discusses the role of androgens, specifically testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, in the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases and reports no new results.

This review summarizes recent findings on FOXN1's essential role in thymus and skin biology and discusses emerging therapeutic approaches for immune disorders with athymia, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that despite the persistence of aberrant double-negative T-cells, functional immune-competence was maintained after thymic transplantation in a patient with a rare FOXN1 mutation.

This study describes various clinical phenotypes associated with FOXN1 mutations, finding that affected individuals may develop different severities of immunodeficiency based on their genetic mutations.

This review highlights similarities in the development of thymus and skin epidermis, reporting no new results; the authors emphasize shared molecular mechanisms despite different embryonic origins.

This study demonstrated that AIRE-deficient rats exhibit key symptoms of APECED, making them a relevant model for exploring potential treatments.

This study found that deleting FoxN1 in specific thymic epithelial cells disrupted the 3D thymic structure and led to age-dependent formation of 2D epithelial cysts, highlighting FoxN1's critical role in thymic morphogenesis.

This study identified a regulatory element necessary for Foxn1 expression specifically in mouse thymic epithelial cells, crucial for thymus development but not affecting hair follicles.

This study found that over- and ectopic-expression of FoxN1 in early life negatively affected the development of thymic epithelial cells, T and B cells, and skin epithelial cells.

This review discusses the mechanisms underlying immune tolerance failure in alopecia areata and highlights potential therapeutic avenues for restoring hair growth and achieving sustained remission, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that lineage-restricted loss of p63 in murine thymic epithelial cells resulted in severe thymic hypoplasia and absence of hair follicles, indicating p63's critical role in thymic and hair follicle development.

This review provides an in-depth analysis of the structure and function of c-kit activation, and its role in both normal physiological and pathological conditions, with no new research findings reported.

This review discusses Omenn syndrome, a form of severe combined immunodeficiency, highlighting its immunopathology and genetic defects without presenting new clinical results.

This study introduces stem cell activity as a key factor influencing the effects of IFN-γ and TGF-β1 on autoimmune disease dynamics, showing that varying cytokine levels can modulate stem cell activity and immune privilege, impacting tissue regeneration and disease flares.