The Beta-Thymosins: Intracellular And Extracellular Activities Of A Versatile Actin Binding Protein Family

    April 2009 in “ Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton ”
    Hans Georg Mannherz, Ewald Hannappel
    TLDR β‐thymosins, especially thymosin β4, help in heart protection, wound healing, and hair growth by stabilizing actin in cells.
    The β‐thymosins, particularly thymosin β4, were small peptides initially thought to be produced by the thymic gland with hormonal activities affecting the immune response. They were reported to have various paracrine effects, including cardiac protection, angiogenesis, wound healing, and hair growth. Intracellularly, β‐thymosins were found in high concentrations in eukaryotic cells, where they bind to monomeric actin, stabilizing it and acting as the main intracellular actin sequestering factor. This ability allowed them to modulate the actin cytoskeleton by removing monomeric actin from the dynamic processes of assembly and disassembly in activated cells.
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