The Effects of Androgens on T Cells: Clues to Female Predominance in Autoimmune Liver Diseases

The document discussed how the immune system's response differs between men and women, with women generally having stronger immune responses but also a higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases (AID) such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). It highlighted that factors like environmental exposure, behavior, and genetics contribute to this female sex bias in AID. The mini-review specifically focused on the role of androgens, particularly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, in influencing T cells and potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases (AILD).