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This study showed that coexpression of TG2 and Gbx1 in the epidermis is necessary for esophagus-like mucosal transdifferentiation, with TGF-beta2 in the dermis essential for the process through epithelial-mesenchymal interaction.

This study indicates that a helminth-derived protein, TGF-β mimic, may accelerate wound healing and promote regenerative processes in skin tissue by interacting with TGF-β receptors.

In this study, a TGF-β mimic molecule from Heligmosomoides polygyrus was observed to enhance wound healing in mice, with improved tissue regeneration and specific immune cell recruitment without increased scarring.

This study reported that topical ω‐0‐acylceramide improved skin barrier function in Jack Russell Terriers with TGM1-deficient autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, normalizing skin pH and reducing transepidermal water loss.

Qu-shi-yu-fa Decoction may help treat hair loss by promoting hair growth and strengthening.

In a study using an androgenetic alopecia mouse model, researchers found that Qu-shi-yu-fa Decoction significantly promoted hair regeneration by enhancing follicle transition and activating key pathways, with potential therapeutic targets such as FOXN1 and TGM3 identified.

This study reports the discovery of mutations in the PADI3, TGM3, and TCHH genes as molecular genetic causes of uncombable hair syndrome in children, indicating an autosomal-recessive inheritance pattern.

In this study, sequences upstream of the TGM3 gene were found to regulate epithelial-specific gene expression in keratinocytes, suggesting potential applications in gene therapy.

This article reviews genetic advances in resolving inherited ichthyoses using next generation sequencing and notes that new sequencing methods may clarify unknown types in the future.

This study analyzed the cornified envelope of epidermal proteins, finding keratins dominate, which may help explain the minimal impact of deleting genes for single envelope components in congenital ichthyosis.

This review discusses the role of TGM3 in skin and hair follicle biology, human tumor pathology, and genetic abnormalities, and reports no novel results; the authors highlight its potential as a cancer diagnostic biomarker.

This case report describes a 12-year-old boy with severe skin scaling due to novel compound heterozygous null truncation mutations in the TGM1 gene, resulting in loss of transglutaminase 1 activity.

This study reveals that transglutaminase activity is widespread in integumentary structures of mammals and birds, suggesting it plays a significant role in the cornification of hard skin appendages like nails and feathers.

This study identified eight mutations in five genes associated with different aspects of ichthyosis among Tunisian patients, enhancing understanding of its genetic and clinical diversity.

This case report describes a 10-year-old girl with lamellar ichthyosis who showed marked improvement in scaling and skin stiffness after six weeks of treatment with emollient and supportive therapy.

A young boy's uncombable hair is due to a rare genetic condition that usually improves over time.

This study reported the first case of a NIPAL4 c.527C>A mutation in Romanian patients with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, finding that NIPAL4 mutations are more common than TGM1 mutations in this population.

This study found that retinoic acid induces epidermal transdifferentiation into mucosal epithelium in both chick and mammalian embryonic skin, involving specific gene expressions and pathways.

This study found that topical application of TGF-β mimic promoted enhanced wound healing and tissue regeneration in mice, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic option for improving wound healing.

This study found that scarring alopecia is common in autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis patients and significantly correlates with the disease's severity, highlighting the need for thorough hair evaluations in clinical management.

This article presents an overview of uncombable hair syndrome, emphasizing its clinical and molecular characteristics and noting systemic manifestations such as neuropsychiatric, ophthalmic, and cardiopulmonary issues.

The researchers reported that TGM2 appears to play a crucial role in sebocyte differentiation and may act as a negative regulator of lipid metabolism in sebaceous glands.

This study found considerable variation in hair shaft proteomic profiles among Caucasian, African-American, Kenyan, and Korean subjects, with individual and site-specific differences observed.

This study used proteomic profiling to reveal significant individual and site-specific differences in human hair shaft proteins, which may improve the differentiation of hair based on ethnic origin and individual identity.

This study found that haploinsufficiency of SPINK5 can lead to Netherton syndrome when a single null mutation combines with homozygous G1258A polymorphisms, suggesting it acts as a genuine mutation affecting LEKTI function.

In this study, the disruption of Gh/tissue transglutaminase in mice did not affect viability but reduced thymocyte viability and fibroblast adhesion, suggesting its role in cell stabilization and extracellular matrix interactions.

This study identified a new heterozygous missense variant in CST6 associated with autosomal dominant keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans in an Austrian family, affecting epidermal differentiation and hair formation.

This study characterizes alopecia in ARCI, highlighting its prevalence among patients with severe forms and revealing new associated trichoscopic features.

This review outlines a diagnostic framework for clinicians to distinguish different types of inherited ichthyoses and suggests further testing and treatment strategies, but reports no new clinical results.

The conclusion is that androgenetic alopecia and senescent alopecia have unique gene changes, suggesting different causes and potential treatments for these hair loss types.