Tgm2/Gh, Gbx1 and TGF-Beta Are Involved in Retinoic Acid-Induced Transdifferentiation from Epidermis to Mucosal Epithelium

January 2011 in “ The International Journal of Developmental Biology ”

Akiko Obinata, Keitarou Osakabe, Mari Yamaguchi, Iyo Morimoto, Yoshihiro Akimoto

retinoic acid TGF-beta epidermal cells mucosal epithelium goblet cells TG2/Gh Gbx1 epithelial-mesenchymal interaction TGF-beta2 transient amplifying epidermal cells RA

TLDR Retinoic acid changes skin cells to mucosal cells with goblet cells, needing TG2/Gh, Gbx1, and TGF-beta.

The study demonstrated that retinoic acid (RA) induced the transdifferentiation of epidermal cells to mucosal epithelium with goblet cells in rat embryonic cultured skin. It was found that the coexpression of TG2/Gh and Gbx1 in the epidermis was necessary for this transdifferentiation to esophagus-like mucosal cells, while TGF-beta2 expression in the dermis, increased by RA, was crucial for the process through epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. Inhibitors of the TGF-beta signal pathway partially inhibited this transdifferentiation. The study also showed that RA directly affected transient amplifying epidermal cells rather than stem cells.

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Tgm2/Gh, Gbx1 and TGF-Beta Are Involved in Retinoic Acid-Induced Transdifferentiation from Epidermis to Mucosal Epithelium

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