14 citations
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January 2011 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” This study showed that coexpression of TG2 and Gbx1 in the epidermis is necessary for esophagus-like mucosal transdifferentiation, with TGF-beta2 in the dermis essential for the process through epithelial-mesenchymal interaction.
10 citations
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January 2008 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” This study found that trans-3,4'-Dimethyl-3-hydroxyflavanone reduces active TGF-beta2 levels in human keratinocytes, suggesting it may enhance hair growth by suppressing the TGF-beta2 activation pathway.
April 2007 in “Linchuang pifuke zazhi” This study found that in androgenetic alopecia patients, there is enhanced expression of type 2 TGF-β and type II receptors in hair follicles, suggesting a link to hair growth cycle changes.
11 citations
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January 1992 in “PubMed” In this study, the researchers found distinct patterns of TGF-beta 1 and IGF-II expression in pig fetal subcutaneous tissue, suggesting specific regulatory roles in developing adipocytes and muscle tissue.
April 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study reviews evidence that in keloid development, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) drives fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis not only through the classical Smad-dependent pathway but also via equally important Smad-independent signaling cascades, suggesting these pathways as possible targets for more effective keloid therapies.