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This study found that supraphysiological doses of testosterone alter endothelial relaxation pathways in hypertensive rats, with varied contributions from nitric oxide, prostanoids, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors, influenced by estrogen and dihydrotestosterone levels.

This chapter reviews the role of the testes in producing and functioning of testicular androgens and protein hormones, but it presents no new clinical results.

This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for prescribing testosterone therapy to women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, noting a moderate therapeutic benefit but highlighting limited data and regulatory challenges.

In this study, adolescents with depressive symptoms were found to have higher urinary excretion rates of certain steroid metabolites, including corticosterone and adrenal hormones, and a specific metabolite ratio was identified as a potential biomarker for distinguishing these patients from healthy controls.

This study found that increased PSA levels in women with hyperandrogenism may serve as a diagnostic marker, comparable to free testosterone levels.

This case report illustrates that Leydig cell tumors, despite causing significantly elevated androgen levels, can be difficult to localize due to their small size, as demonstrated in a 42-year-old woman whose tumor was only identified after oophorectomy.

This study found that one year of antiandrogen treatment with spironolactone significantly decreased bone mineral density in young women with androgen excess.

This case report highlights the importance of considering exogenous androgen exposure, such as transdermal testosterone cream used by a partner, in the diagnosis of virilization among women.

This review examines the physiological role of androgen conjugates in cutaneous androgen metabolism and questions their association with hirsutism, without presenting new clinical findings.

In this study, serum omentin-1 levels were higher in females with idiopathic hirsutism compared to those with hirsutism and polycystic ovary syndrome, suggesting it may help distinguish between these conditions.

In this study, researchers developed a sensitive LC–MS–MS assay to measure 3α-androstanediol levels in rat plasma and observed that testosterone raises these levels via a 5α-reductase pathway.

In a hamster model of COVID-19, this study observed that both low and high doses of testosterone worsened illness in males, while finasteride prevented severe outcomes.

This study found that combined treatment with anastrozole and cyproterone acetate improved the adult height prognosis in testotoxicosis, as observed in two brothers, with good tolerance reported.

This article reviews the clinical signs, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options for hyperandrogenism in women, focusing on hirsutism and specifies that cyproterone acetate is effective for severe cases, but reports no new clinical results.

This integrative review found that while hormone therapy, under proper medical supervision, can improve quality of life by treating conditions like muscle and bone mass loss, using these hormones without clinical need poses serious risks to neurological, cardiac, hepatic, renal, and reproductive health.

In this study, exposure to the drug finasteride in Silurana tropicalis significantly increased testosterone levels in liver and testis tissues and altered gene expression related to male reproduction and oxidative stress.

This study found no correlation between clinical stages of androgenetic alopecia and serum DHEA-S levels in men, contrasting with previous studies suggesting elevated levels.

This study reported that administering a supraphysiological dose of testosterone for one year resulted in minor cognitive benefits and decreased depressive symptoms in older hypogonadal men, but major cognitive improvements were not observed.

Testosterone's role in women's sex drive is unclear and needs more research, as low levels don't always mean less sexual interest and high levels can cause side effects.

This case report describes how a 68-year-old woman's hyperandrogenic symptoms improved and testosterone levels normalized after the surgical removal of an occult Leydig cell tumour.

This case study reports a rare instance of an estradiol-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma in a 58-year-old male, causing feminization and Marie-Antoinette syndrome, with potential paraneoplastic aortitis.

This study found a significant correlation between estradiol/testosterone imbalance and erectile dysfunction severity in Klinefelter syndrome patients, also highlighting high satisfaction with penile prosthesis in both psychogenic and organic cases.

This study found weak to very weak correlations between estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of males without cerebral disorders.

In this case study, a 71-year-old woman with postmenopausal hirsutism was diagnosed with a Leydig cell tumor and endometrial carcinoma, with hirsutism improving one month after surgery.

In this study, cross-sex hormone therapy affected hair growth patterns differently, with estrogen reducing hair growth in male-to-female transsexuals and testosterone increasing it in female-to-male transsexuals; however, male typical hair diameters were not fully reached in the latter group after 12 months.

This study suggests that metformin might serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic option to distinguish insulin resistance-related ovarian testosterone excess from a testosterone-secreting tumor in women with virilization.

This study found that long-term finasteride therapy in men with BPH worsened erectile dysfunction and reduced testosterone levels, while these effects were not observed with tamsulosin.

This review discusses 46,XY disorders of sex development caused by defects in androgen production and highlights the need for long-term care from experienced multidisciplinary teams, but it reports no new clinical findings.

In this study, co-administration of finasteride with oral testosterone undecanoate in young men with induced hypogonadism had no significant effect on serum testosterone or dihydrotestosterone levels, likely due to TU's unique absorption route.

This guideline provides recommendations for prescribing systemic testosterone to women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, emphasizing safe dosing, monitoring, and the need for informed consent despite regulatory challenges.