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This study suggests that in rat skin, testosterone itself may play a more significant role in androgen action than 5α-dihydrotestosterone, unlike in the prostate where 5α-DHT is more dominant.

This study found that sex hormones, specifically non-aromatizable androgens like DHT and A/T, significantly increase inflammatory cytokine expression in human adipocytes when stimulated by LPS.

This review highlights the connection between sex hormones and metabolic dysfunction, emphasizing how conditions like male hypogonadism and female hyperandrogenism can increase the risk and severity of hepatic steatosis, which often progresses alongside metabolic syndrome and elevates mortality risks.

This case series observed that ovarian hyperthecosis can manifest with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women, even when serum testosterone levels are below diagnostic thresholds, suggesting potential gaps in current diagnostic criteria.

This study demonstrated that testosterone treatment increases muscle strength and alters body composition in transmen, and the addition of dutasteride does not impair these anabolic effects.

This study found that Caesalpinia bonduc seed extracts significantly reduced prostate weight and improved prostate tissue morphology in Wistar rats with testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia.

In this study, five-year testosterone replacement therapy improved fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, and triglyceride levels in Japanese hypogonadal men without significantly affecting prostate-specific antigen levels.

This case report describes the first instance of facial and oral mucosal hyperpigmentation and acanthosis nigricans linked to testosterone therapy in a patient with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

This study measured plasma testosterone glucosiduronate levels and found no overlap in those with hyperandrogenism compared to normal females, despite normal testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in half of the affected patients.

This study found that testosterone significantly influenced the expression and function of certain ion transporters in the vas deferens, impacting fluid secretion and contributing to a suitable environment for male fertility.

This study found that spironolactone reduced androgenic hormones in hirsute women but had only marginal effects on hair growth, making it no more advisable than other therapies.

In this study, children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency and micropenis treated with oral testosterone undecanoate showed increased penile length to a target level after 3-9 months, with no severe adverse effects observed, suggesting the treatment's safety and efficacy.

This study found that administering testosterone to pregnant rats altered connexin 26 and connexin 43 expression in the uterus, which could disrupt embryo implantation and cause early pregnancy loss.

This study found that testosterone administration reduced the expression of uterine receptivity molecules in ovariectomized rats, which may negatively affect early pregnancy establishment and female fertility.

This study discusses how testosterone exerts its effects directly or through conversion to metabolites, DHT and estradiol 17β, each influencing different physiological processes, noting that DHT conversion is necessary for certain effects but not for muscle, bone, or erythropoiesis impacts.

This study found that testosterone and dihydrotestosterone inhibit the growth rates of hair bulb papilla cells and root sheath fibroblasts, especially at higher doses, while estradiol was ineffective.

In this study, researchers reported that both progestin-only injectable contraceptives, DMPA-IM and NET-EN, significantly decreased serum testosterone and SHBG levels among HIV-negative women in South Africa, yet this did not explain prior findings of no reduction in risky sexual behavior or sexual function.

This study found that elevated free testosterone levels may reduce body fat and increase bone density in males, but also raise the risk of prostate cancer, hair loss, and benign prostate hyperplasia.

This case study reported a postmenopausal woman with a testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor that was not detected through standard clinical or radiological examination but was found via biopsy.

This article discusses the role of testosterone in the formation of male characteristics, muscle and bone development, and its impact on skin and hair, but provides no new clinical results.

In this study, a 300 mcg daily testosterone patch significantly increased satisfying sexual episodes and sexual desire in postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder not receiving estrogen, compared to placebo.

This paper details a method for measuring testosterone metabolism into seven androgens using digital autoradiography, which offers high sensitivity and reduces the need for radioactive materials.

This study found that LHE may prevent and reverse testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia, supporting the traditional use of Kigelia africana for some reproductive system disorders.

This study found that school-related stress increases hair cortisol in girls and alters hair testosterone and cortisol levels in boys, indicating gender-specific hormonal responses to environmental changes.

This study examines the interaction between androgen receptor signaling and the β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway in mouse hair follicles, but reports no clinical results.

Testosterone replacement can help menopausal women with various symptoms, but should be used carefully and is not yet officially licensed in the UK for women.

This study found that a 4:1 combination of Rhynchosia nulubilis and Polygonum multiflorum extracts significantly promoted the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells and alleviated testosterone-induced cytotoxicity, suggesting potential for treating hair loss and related disorders through a synergistic approach.

This literature review highlights varying recommendations for testosterone use in peri- and postmenopausal women, noting its accepted role in treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder but stressing controversy and lack of FDA-approved options for broader use.

This report discusses the FDA's third denial of approval for Aveed, a long-acting testosterone injection by Endo Pharmaceuticals, citing continued safety concerns including severe side effects.

The body's change of testosterone into DHT is not necessary for testosterone's muscle and sexual effects.