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In this study, transgender adolescents treated with testosterone for a median of 12 months experienced effective virilization, including voice deepening and increased hair growth, but also showed decreased HDL cholesterol and BMD z-scores, and increased hematocrit, with no short-term safety issues reported.

This case report describes a 70-year-old woman whose obstructive sleep apnea resolved after the removal of a testosterone-producing ovarian tumor, supporting the theory that testosterone influences OSA in women.

This study found that while a transscrotal testosterone patch increases serum testosterone levels in hypogonadal men with AIDS and weight loss, it does not improve weight, body cell mass, or quality of life.

This study found that 3alpha-diol, an androgen metabolite, improved cognitive and affective performance in aged male rats, suggesting its role in countering age-related decline in hippocampally-influenced behaviors.

This study found that 4 weeks of finasteride treatment significantly decreased DHT levels in bald scalp to levels similar to hair-containing scalp in men with male pattern baldness.

This study found that testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone induced apoptosis in dermal papilla cells from nonbalding scalp regions, suggesting a high androgen stimulus can trigger cell death related to androgenetic alopecia.

This study found that testosterone modulates vascular cell behavior through direct actions that do not rely on its conversion to estradiol.

This study found that testosterone-enanthate increased red blood cell production and altered iron homeostasis in older hypogonadal men without being affected by finasteride, indicating these effects do not require type II 5α-reductase enzyme activity.

Testosterone needs to be converted to DHT to reduce stress response in male rats.

In this study, researchers found that while both beard and scalp dermal papilla cells release similar autocrine growth factors, only beard cells increased production and response with testosterone, suggesting these factors enhance androgen-induced hair growth.

This study suggests that red ginseng rhizome extracts, particularly ginsenoside Ro, may promote hair re-growth in an androgenetic alopecia model due to their inhibitory activity on testosterone 5α-reductase.

This study found associations between genetic predictors of increased testosterone and cardiovascular risk factors, but the implications for testosterone supplementation are unclear due to uncertainties in genetic variant functions.

This study found that hair cortisol levels increase and testosterone levels decrease with obesity, suggesting that measuring hormones in hair may be a valuable tool in obesity research and clinical practice.

This review discusses the use of testosterone therapy for low libido in women, noting mixed evidence on breast cancer risk and a lack of long-term safety data.

This study found that low doses of leuprolide effectively suppressed serum estradiol and LH response, while higher doses were needed to suppress testosterone and reduce hair growth in hirsute women.

This study found that combining cyproterone acetate with testosterone enanthate was highly effective in suppressing spermatogenesis, suggesting potential as a reversible male contraceptive method.

High testosterone to epitestosterone ratio in hair could predict male-pattern baldness.

Randomized trials reported that testosterone therapy improved sexual function in postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, particularly those who had undergone oophorectomy, with reversible and well-tolerated side effects.

This study found that overexpression of AKR1C3 in prostate cancer cells redirected androgen metabolism towards testosterone production, which facilitated cell proliferation, potentially reducing the effectiveness of finasteride treatment.

This study found that testosterone is converted to estrogenic steroids in vitro without aromatase involvement, suggesting that combining 5α-reductase and aromatase inhibitors might reduce estrogenic steroids more completely in vivo.

This study found that Piper nigrum leaf extract showed in vivo anti-androgenic activity and potent 5α-reductase inhibitory effects, with piperine and (−)-cubebin identified as active components.

This animal study found that Cinnamomi cortex water extract reduced prostate weight and improved histological changes in a benign prostatic hyperplasia model, suggesting potential as a treatment.

This review discusses testosterone metabolism in human skin and its link to androgenetic alopecia, acne vulgaris, and idiopathic hirsutism, but it presents no new results.

In this animal study, administering testosterone alongside a 5α-reductase inhibitor counteracted testosterone's effects on prostate enlargement while preserving its beneficial effects on muscle and bone.

This study found that a low estrogen-containing oral contraceptive normalized hormone levels and improved symptoms in women with polycystic ovary disease, with minimal side effects reported.

In this study, hirsute women with normal or medically normalized testosterone levels experienced similar, though declining, hair reduction from both intense pulsed light and long-pulsed diode laser treatments over six months.

Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.

In this study, dihydrotestosterone increased proliferation and decreased IL-6 production in in-vitro fibroblasts from hereditary gingival fibromatosis and normal gingiva, effects partially reversed by anti-androgens.

This study found that lower testosterone levels in male COVID-19 patients were associated with greater disease severity and longer hospital stays.

This study found that a testosterone patch and gel showed bioequivalent testosterone levels in hypogonadal men, but the patch mimicked a natural circadian profile, while the gel resulted in higher dihydrotestosterone levels.