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New treatments targeting T-cell pathways are needed for better alopecia areata management.

T cells and bacteria in the gut and skin help maintain health and protect against disease.

Thymic transplantation normalized some T-cells but not others, maintaining immune function.

Mast cells and CD8 T cells interact closely in skin diseases, affecting each other's behavior and contributing to conditions like psoriasis and eczema.

Tacrolimus causes fewer acute rejections than cyclosporin A in kidney transplants but doesn't necessarily improve kidney function after one year; cardiovascular risks and side effects vary between the two drugs.

We need better treatments for hair loss, and while test-tube methods are helpful, they can't fully replace animal tests for evaluating new hair growth treatments.

Women with hyperandrogenism have higher androgen levels and lower SHBG, which may contribute to conditions like excessive hair growth and early puberty.

ATIR101 improves survival in stem cell transplant patients; Australian stem cell treatment decisions are influenced by regulation changes.

Teriflunomide helps reduce multiple sclerosis symptoms and is safe for most patients.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

High levels of testosterone and 5α-DHT can lead to cell death in cells important for hair growth.

Low-level laser therapy may help stem cells grow and function better, aiding in healing and tissue repair.

Interferons are effective for some skin conditions and cancers, but can have side effects and need more research for optimal use.

Alopecia areata is a hair loss condition caused by immune factors and can be treated with JAK inhibitors.

Finasteride affects frog testes by increasing testosterone, decreasing 5α-DHT, and impacting genes related to reproduction and other functions.

Topical vitamin D is effective in treating vitiligo with few side effects.

Toxic shock syndrome is caused by a complex interaction of bacterial toxins and the immune system, and understanding this can help improve diagnosis and treatment.

Diet changes can help reduce acne by limiting certain hormones.

Newborn screening and gene therapy are expected to improve outcomes for Omenn syndrome patients.

A Chinese-Japanese boy had a rare fungal infection on his scalp and skin, likely caught in China.

Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells help maintain skin health and balance, and are involved in skin diseases and healing.

Innate lymphoid cells help control skin bacteria by regulating sebaceous glands.

The document explains how the immune system reacts to organ transplants and the treatments used to prevent rejection.

Hair follicles are normally protected from the immune system, but when this protection fails, it can cause hair loss in alopecia areata.

Nonantibiotic macrolides show promise for treating various inflammatory skin conditions.

UVB exposure in human skin causes macrophages to produce more IL-10 and less IL-12, leading to immunosuppression.

The JAK/STAT pathway is important in cell processes and disease, and JAK inhibitors are promising for treating related conditions.

Psoriasis may be chronic because it lacks certain immune system controls that prevent overreaction.