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Glossary Skin Substitutes

materials used to replace or repair damaged skin

Skin substitutes are materials used to replace or aid in the repair of damaged skin, often in cases of severe burns, chronic wounds, or extensive skin loss. These can be made from natural sources like human or animal tissues, or synthetic materials designed to mimic the properties of skin, providing a temporary or permanent solution to promote healing and protect underlying tissues.

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Markers to Evaluate the Quality and Self-Renewing Potential of Engineered Human Skin Substitutes In Vitro and After Transplantation

research Markers to Evaluate the Quality and Self-Renewing Potential of Engineered Human Skin Substitutes In Vitro and after Transplantation

120 citations , August 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that C8/144B antibody exclusively binds to the hair follicle bulge and not the epidermal stratum basale, with cytokeratin 19 serving as a key marker of certain basal keratinocytes that decrease with age.

research Prevascularization of dermal substitutes with adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments enhances early skin grafting

57 citations , July 2018 in “Scientific Reports”

This study found that prevascularizing dermal matrices with adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments improved vascularization and allowed earlier successful skin grafting in a bradythrophic wound model.

research Subpopulations of dermal skin fibroblasts secrete distinct extracellular matrix: implications for using skin substitutes in the clinic

50 citations , December 2017 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that ECMs from papillary and dermal papilla fibroblasts support normal basement membrane formation, suggesting potential improvements for therapeutic biomaterials in skin engineering.

research The influence of CD26+ and CD26− fibroblasts on the regeneration of human dermo-epidermal skin substitutes

11 citations , February 2022 in “Scientific Reports”

This study found that CD26+ fibroblasts are crucial for effective extracellular matrix production and achieving rapid epidermal and dermal homeostasis in human tissue-engineered skin substitutes transplanted onto rodents.

research Vascularization of skin substitute constructed by vascular endothelial growth factor 165 gene-modified hair follicle stem cells compounded with three-dimensional gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronic acid

June 2014

This study found that a modified scaffold with VEGF165 genetically modified hair follicle stem cells significantly promoted blood vessel growth and wound healing in rats, suggesting its potential as a skin substitute in clinical settings.

research [Employment of current results of tissue engineering in the development of skin substitutes].

January 2012 in “PubMed”

This article reviews current advancements and options in skin substitutes for burn patients, but reports no new research findings, noting the promise for fully functional skin substitutes in the future.

research Characterization of Hair Follicle Development in Engineered Skin Substitutes

41 citations , June 2013 in “PLOS ONE”

This study demonstrated that engineered skin substitutes using human keratinocytes and murine dermal papilla cells can develop pigmented hairs without sebaceous glands, suggesting separate pathways for hair development and eruption.

research Assessment of replication rates of human keratinocytes in engineered skin substitutes grafted to athymic mice

12 citations , June 2012 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration”

This study found that basal keratinocytes in engineered skin substitutes showed a proliferative phenotype and potential for long-term replication, which may enhance wound healing stability.

Engineered Skin Substitute Regenerates Skin with Hair Follicle Formation

research Engineered Skin Substitute Regenerates the Skin with Hair Follicle Formation

5 citations , April 2021 in “Biomedicines”

This study found that engineered skin substitutes made with skin-derived precursors and epidermal stem cells can regenerate hair follicles after grafting into nude mice.

research De novo hair morphogenesis in engineered skin substitutes

1 citations , January 2012 in “OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)”

This study demonstrates that trichogenic dermal papilla cells are crucial for hair regeneration in engineered skin substitutes, with adult murine cells showing higher activity than adult human cells.

research Morphogenesis of chimeric hair follicles in engineered skin substitutes with human keratinocytes and murine dermal papilla cells

46 citations , August 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology”

In this study, engineered skin substitutes containing murine dermal papilla cells developed hair follicle-like structures when grafted onto mice, suggesting a model for generating chimeric hair.

research Fabrication of Bio-Based Gelatin Sponge for Potential Use as A Functional Acellular Skin Substitute

28 citations , November 2020 in “Polymers”

This study found that crosslinking buffalo gelatin with different methods can modify its properties and potential as a skin substitute, though double-crosslinking may increase immunogenicity slightly.

research Bioengineered skin substitutes: key elements and novel design for biomedical applications

22 citations , October 2012 in “International Wound Journal”

This review discusses recent advancements in engineering bioengineered skin substitutes and highlights ongoing challenges, emphasizing the need for improvements in replicating uninjured skin; it reports no new experimental results.

research Composite skin substitutes, 3D skin bioprinting and the “BioMask” concept in regenerating skin defects - review

1 citations , September 2024 in “Journal of Education Health and Sport”

This review evaluates the clinical use of composite dermal-epidermal skin substitutes, with a focus on advancements such as the "BioMask" for facial skin trauma, highlighting the potential of 3D bioprinting and bioengineered skin in improving wound treatment and reconstruction.

research 626 Early-stage bilayer tissue-engineered skin substitute formed by adult skin progenitor cells produces an improved skin structure in vivo

April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Early-stage skin substitutes improve wound healing and skin structure.

research Tissue-engineered dermal substitutes constructed by human embryonic stem cell-derived fibroblasts facilitate the repair of skin wounds

March 2026 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology”

In this study, researchers demonstrated that fibroblasts derived from human embryonic stem cells can be used to create tissue-engineered dermal substitutes, effectively repairing mouse skin wounds within 20 days, highlighting a promising method for clinical applications in skin repair.

research Effect of Cultured Dermal Substitute Composed of Collagen Sponge Seeded with Fibroblasts in Simultaneous Skin Graft Overlay

1 citations , March 2001 in “JOURNAL OF THE KYORIN MEDICAL SOCIETY”

In this study, a collagen sponge with isogenic fibroblasts did not enhance skin graft survival or wound healing in rats, but it did promote re-epithelization, potentially inducing epithelial inclusion cysts.

research Optical Behavior of Human Skin Substitutes: Absorbance in the 200–400 nm UV Range

15 citations , July 2022 in “Biomedicines”

This study found that bioengineered skin substitutes developed for 21 or 28 days effectively mimic native skin's ability to absorb UV radiation, suggesting suitability for treating severe skin defects.

Early-Stage Bilayer Tissue-Engineered Skin Substitute Formed by Adult Skin Progenitor Cells Produces an Improved Skin Structure In Vivo

research Early-stage bilayer tissue-engineered skin substitute formed by adult skin progenitor cells produces an improved skin structure in vivo

12 citations , September 2020 in “Stem cell research & therapy”

This study concluded that early-stage tissue-engineered skin substitutes, developed using skin progenitor cells, had a better graft efficiency and supported hair follicle formation, which may improve wound healing outcomes.

research 0873 Modeling junctional epidermolysis bullosa using tissue-engineered skin substitutes

July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Tissue-engineered skin substitutes can model junctional epidermolysis bullosa and may help develop gene therapy.

research Reconstruction of Tissue Engineered Skin Substitute Containing Appendages Using Dermal Papillae Cells And Keratinocytes

January 2011 in “Journal of Tissue Engineering and Reconstructive Surgery”

This study found that incorporating dermal papillae cells and keratinocytes into dermal substitutes promoted better wound healing, reduced contraction, and enabled appendage formation in tissue-engineered skin on mice.

Evaluation of Signs of Skin Aging in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome after Substitution Therapy with Antioxidants. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis

research Evaluation of Signs of Skin Aging in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome after Substitution Therapy with Antioxidants. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis

September 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of antioxidant therapy on skin aging in MetS patients in Latvia but provides no new findings on its effectiveness.

research Growth hormone substitution in adult growth hormone‐deficient men augments androgen effects on the skin

55 citations , July 1997 in “Clinical Endocrinology”

This study found that administering growth hormone to adult men with GH deficiency increased their sexual hair scores, suggesting an auxiliary effect on androgen action in the skin.

Development of Modified Montmorillonite-Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites as a Novel Substitute for Burn Skin and Tissue Regeneration

research Development of modified montmorillonite-bacterial cellulose nanocomposites as a novel substitute for burn skin and tissue regeneration

93 citations , November 2018 in “Carbohydrate Polymers”

This study demonstrated that modified montmorillonites combined with bacterial cellulose enhanced antimicrobial, wound healing, and tissue regenerative activities in a burn mice model, suggesting potential as an artificial skin substitute for burn patients.

Dermal Papilla Cells Improve Wound Healing and Generate Hair Bud-Like Structures in Grafted Skin Substitutes Using Hair Follicle Stem Cells

research Dermal Papilla Cells Improve the Wound Healing Process and Generate Hair Bud-Like Structures in Grafted Skin Substitutes Using Hair Follicle Stem Cells

68 citations , August 2014 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine”

This study found that composite skin constructs containing dermal papilla cells promoted better skin healing and hair regeneration in nude mice, highlighting their role in tissue-engineered skin for severe injuries.

Gelatin-Chondroitin-6-Sulfate-Hyaluronic Acid Scaffold Seeded with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 165 Modified Hair Follicle Stem Cells as a Three-Dimensional Skin Substitute

research Gelatin-chondroitin-6-sulfate-hyaluronic acid scaffold seeded with vascular endothelial growth factor 165 modified hair follicle stem cells as a three-dimensional skin substitute

45 citations , October 2014 in “Stem cell research & therapy”

This study found that using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rat hair follicle stem cells enhanced angiogenesis and vascularization in tissue-engineered skin, improving wound healing.

research Immunological challenges associated with artificial skin grafts: available solutions and stem cells in future design of synthetic skin

105 citations , December 2017 in “Journal of Biological Engineering”

This review discusses the challenges of skin graft acceptance and examines current strategies and alternatives for full-thickness skin replacement and repair, noting that immunological rejection remains a significant hurdle.

research Epidermal stem cells and skin tissue engineering in hair follicle regeneration

83 citations , January 2015 in “World Journal of Stem Cells”

This review discusses current experimental approaches for regenerating human hair follicles using tissue engineering and isolated cells, but reports no successful strategies with adult cells yet found.

Epidermal Stem Cells Cultured on Collagen-Modified Chitin Membrane Induce In Situ Tissue Regeneration of Full-Thickness Skin Defects in Mice

research Epidermal Stem Cells Cultured on Collagen-Modified Chitin Membrane Induce In Situ Tissue Regeneration of Full-Thickness Skin Defects in Mice

28 citations , February 2014 in “PLoS ONE”

This study reports that transplantation of an ESCs-collagen-chitin biomimetic membrane leads to successful in situ skin regeneration, including hair follicle cell proliferation and formation of dermatoglyphs, in nude mice with full-thickness skin defects.

research Advanced therapies of skin injuries

28 citations , September 2015 in “Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift”

New skin substitutes for treating severe burns and chronic wounds are being developed, but a permanent solution for deep wounds is not yet available commercially.