November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This review analyzes granted patents for skin bioinks for 3D skin bioprinting from 2017 to 2022 and reports no new clinical results.
8 citations
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February 2025 in “Molecules” This study investigated a gelatin-based bioink for 3D bioprinting a simplified skin model, finding that a formulation with 15% gelatin and 150 mM calcium chloride supported a homogeneous distribution of viable cells over 14 days, showing promise for drug evaluation applications.
24 citations
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October 2024 in “International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing” This review discusses the advancements and challenges in skin bioprinting techniques and applications, including hair follicles and pigmentation, while addressing the need for improvements in vascularization, safety, and clinical translation, according to the authors.
November 2025 in “IECCMEXICO” This review reports that 3D skin bioprinting has made significant progress towards clinical application, particularly in wound healing and disease modeling, but further work on vascularization and bioink standardization remains crucial.
1 citations
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March 2023 in “Aggregate” In this study, a hydrogel derived from Andrias davidianus secretion, combined with micronized amnion, promoted skin regeneration and achieved scarless healing in rats, suggesting potential for clinical use.
82 citations
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January 2022 in “Bioactive Materials” This review discusses extrusion-based bioprinting bioinks for skin regeneration, highlighting their current applications, limitations, and potential improvements, but reports no new experimental findings.
June 2026 in “International Journal of Bioprinting” This review found that 3D bioprinting significantly advances skin tissue engineering by enabling the creation of complex, patient-specific skin structures, though technological and regulatory challenges persist, particularly in areas like scalability and physiological mimicry.
4 citations
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May 2025 in “Life” This review highlights advancements in 3D bioprinting for skin tissue engineering, focusing on exosome-loaded bioinks that show potential for enhancing skin regeneration and repair.
This review discusses how advancements in biomaterial engineering and 3D bioprinting are transforming skin wound-healing therapies, highlighting innovations in bioinks and the evolving global market potential of these technologies for developing next-generation skin substitutes.
18 citations
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July 2022 in “Chemistry - an Asian journal” This study found that GelMA/HAMA bioink shows promise for 3D printing skin equivalents, as it effectively mimics the native skin's properties and supports hair follicle structure development.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study suggests that 3D bioprinting may become a practical solution for tissue regeneration and complex wound care, demonstrating improved outcomes over traditional methods in various applications.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study demonstrates that 3D bioprinting is advancing toward practical use in reconstructive medicine, with promising results in personalized skin grafts, hair regeneration, and burn care, despite existing technical and ethical challenges.
17 citations
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February 2023 in “Cosmetics” This study explores the use of bioinspired 3D printed hollow microneedles, which may offer improved delivery of anti-wrinkle formulations, and reviews the current landscape and challenges of existing wrinkle treatments and microneedle technology.
6 citations
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December 2022 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology” This review examines diverse regenerative strategies in animals and highlights how biochemical, immunological, and mechanical signals can work together for successful skin regeneration in adult mammals, but it reports no new experimental results.
April 2026 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation” This review discusses recent advancements in nanotechnology for treating hypertrophic scarring and atopic dermatitis, highlighting the potential of nanotherapeutic platforms in enhancing therapeutic effects by modulating the skin's microenvironment.
August 2023 in “European Journal of Plastic Surgery” This study found that although three-dimensional bioprinting in plastic and reconstructive surgery is rapidly advancing, complete tissue systems have not yet been successfully printed due to ongoing challenges.
30 citations
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February 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” This review explores recent advancements in skin tissue engineering using 3D bioprinting, discussing current methods, bioink formulations, and outlining both achievements and limitations without presenting new clinical results.
6 citations
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July 2025 in “Advanced Materials” This review discusses cell membrane-coated scaffolds in tissue engineering, emphasizing their potential to enhance therapeutic outcomes in regenerative medicine and reporting no new experimental results.
December 2024 in “African Journal of Biomedical Research” This review discusses the potential of 3D bioprinting to revolutionize cosmetic treatments through personalized skin regeneration, facial reconstruction, and anti-aging therapies, while highlighting the current challenges and promising future in the field of cosmetology.
This chapter reviews bioengineered human hair follicles and discusses the pros and cons of different 3-D bioprinting methods, but reports no new experimental findings.
1 citations
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October 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study demonstrated that intraoperative bioprinting using a bioink with human adipose-derived extracellular matrix and stem cells achieved successful reconstruction of full-thickness craniomaxillofacial skin defects in rats, promoting wound closure, adipogenesis, and hair follicle-like structure formation within two weeks.
28 citations
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November 2020 in “Journal of Controlled Release” In this study, microneedles combined with finasteride nanostructured lipid carriers (FIN-NLC-MNs) were found to enhance skin penetration and specifically target hair follicles, promoting hair growth and gene regulation in androgenetic alopecia.
16 citations
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January 2023 in “Acta Biomaterialia” This study reported that a new bioinspired injectable hydrogel, CQCS@gel, showed promise as a multifunctional wound dressing by achieving rapid hemostasis and promoting the healing of infected skin wounds in both in vitro and in vivo tests.
This abstract introduces 3D bioprinted skin grafts as a promising alternative to traditional skin grafts, emphasizing how using stem cells in the bioink can enhance vascularization and hair follicle regeneration, potentially improving graft integration and function without the donor site risks.
48 citations
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December 2022 in “Biomolecules” This review discusses recent advancements in 3D bioprinting for skin regeneration and describes potential improvements for clinical applications, but it reports no new experimental results.
2 citations
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December 2025 in “Gels” This study developed a biomimetic 3D skin model with vascularization potential to assess the impact of nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO), finding that nano-ZnO significantly influenced genes related to apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in skin cells.
January 2026 in “Microsystems & Nanoengineering” This review discusses advancements in skin microphysiological systems, such as 3D bioprinting, skin organoids, and skin-on-a-chip, and their effectiveness in emulating human skin functions for research and preclinical applications, highlighting the potential for replacing animal testing with these innovative technologies.
3 citations
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June 2023 in “Nano today” This study reported that bioinks containing calcium molybdate nanoparticles and dermal papilla cells can promote hair regrowth in vivo by creating an anti-inflammatory environment and activating the mTOR signaling pathway in macrophages.
This study observed that chitosan-decorated PS404-b-PAA63 nanoparticles may enhance skin retention and reduce permeation flux of finasteride, suggesting potential for improved transdermal delivery.
25 citations
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August 2024 in “Virtual and Physical Prototyping” This review outlines various 3D bioprinting techniques and bioinks used for creating artificial tissues and organs, emphasizing their potential in addressing organ transplant shortages and advancing drug testing, while acknowledging existing challenges and future prospects.