The Role of 3Rs in the Age of One Health: Where We Are and Where We’re Going

The document discusses the application of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) principles in biomedical research within the One Health framework. It highlights various innovative in vitro models and techniques aimed at reducing animal testing and improving human-relevant research. Key advancements include the development of biomimetic milli-bioreactors for skin tissue engineering, reusable micromolded microcavity inserts for drug screening, and dynamic 3D culture models for studying diseases like Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Additionally, it covers the use of advanced AI and ML techniques for cardiotoxicity analysis, the creation of eco-sustainable wound dressings, and the development of personalized preclinical models using 3D bioprinting. These efforts collectively aim to enhance the accuracy and ethical standards of biomedical research while minimizing animal use.