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The treatments for fungal nail infection, hair loss in men, benign nail tumor, and chemotherapy-associated nail bed inflammation are effective and safe.

Terbinafine is more effective than itraconazole for toenail fungus, especially in older patients, and debridement improves its effectiveness.

MK-0773 safely increased muscle mass but did not improve muscle strength or function in elderly women with sarcopenia.

The 2003 guidelines suggest that while some treatments can regrow hair in alopecia areata, none alter the disease's progression, and wigs may be the best option for extensive hair loss.

JAK inhibitors help with skin conditions but need more research on dosing and safety.

Microneedling is promising for treating various skin issues but needs more research to confirm its effectiveness and safety.

Finasteride improves chronic pelvic pain, saw palmetto doesn't.

Men over 66 taking medication for prostate enlargement have a higher risk of depression and self-harm, especially in the first 18 months of treatment.

Memantine may slightly improve memory in people with Down syndrome, but more research is needed.

Taking low-dose spironolactone and metformin together works better for PCOS symptoms than either drug alone.

Red ginseng may improve immunity, fatigue, memory, blood circulation, and menopausal symptoms, and is generally safe to consume.

Mycophenolate mofetil was effective for most patients in treating scarring hair loss, but some had side effects.

Alisertib was found to be an effective and tolerable treatment for children with recurrent brain tumors.

Some systemic treatments work for nail psoriasis but can have serious side effects.

Dienogest combined with ethinylestradiol is a highly effective birth control that improves menstrual symptoms and has manageable side effects.

Finasteride effectively treats male pattern baldness, improving hair growth and density.

Mitoxantrone with a corticosteroid helps manage symptoms for some advanced prostate cancer patients but doesn't extend life.

There are still challenges in diagnosing and treating chronic skin diseases, but there is hope for future improvements.

Some drugs may reduce prostatitis symptoms short-term with few side effects.

PRP injections may improve skin texture and wrinkles based on patient feedback, despite no significant changes seen by dermatologists.

Tofacitinib caused significant hair regrowth in adolescents with alopecia universalis who didn't respond to other treatments.

DHEA did not improve sexual function, well-being, or menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women with low libido but caused side effects like acne and increased facial hair.

Tofacitinib 2% ointment helped hair regrow in 3 out of 10 patients with alopecia areata, but caused side effects like scalp irritation and raised cholesterol in some.

Dutasteride effectively treats enlarged prostate, reduces prostate cancer risk, and promotes hair regrowth with few side effects.

A comprehensive approach to educating patients and managing side effects is crucial for improving adherence to multiple sclerosis treatments and patient quality of life.

Azathioprine's effectiveness and safety require careful monitoring and more research, especially regarding its use with corticosteroids and the role of TPMT status in patients.

Some alternative treatments for hair loss might work, but more research is needed.

Ketoconazole cream is effective for skin conditions like seborrheic dermatitis and may help with hair loss and other skin issues, with generally mild side effects.

The nutritional supplement improved hair density and reduced hair loss in women with female pattern hair loss.

The document concludes that treating PCOS requires a combination of drugs to manage reproductive and metabolic symptoms, with more research needed on combination therapies.