3 citations
,
July 2020 in “Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology” This study found that the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP-sb21 can hydroxylate cyclosporine A at multiple positions, reducing its immunosuppressive effects but retaining its hair growth-promoting side-effect, and suggests modifications to improve regioselectivity for commercial use.
3 citations
,
March 2014 in “Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology” This study identified a cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP-pa1 from Pseudonocardia autotrophica, as responsible for the specific hydroxylation of cyclosporin A at the 9th N-methyl leucine, suggesting potential for biotechnological applications.
20 citations
,
September 2005 in “Endocrinology” This study identified novel selective androgen receptor modulators with enhanced in vivo pharmacological activity through structure-activity relationship analysis in castrated rats.
3 citations
,
August 2014 in “Steroids” Fermentation of Finasteride with Ocimum sanctum L. creates new metabolite that inhibits tyrosinase.
January 2008 in “OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)” This study found evidence of structurally and functionally distinct AR-SARM protein complexes, which may contribute to understanding how SARMs achieve tissue-selective effects.
58 citations
,
April 1998 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” This study identified that the enzyme CYP2B12 is skin-specific and likely plays a role in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, a key component in lipid signaling within sebaceous glands.
2 citations
,
December 2018 in “Natural Product Research” This study identified a new compound from fermented Carica papaya L. with moderate antioxidant and potent hair growth-stimulating activities in vitro.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemistry” This study examined finasteride degradation under stress conditions, identifying three unique degradation products in acidic environments, providing insights into impurity profiling and quality control for finasteride formulations.
February 2026 in “Nature Synthesis” In this study, researchers introduced a visible-light-mediated intramolecular cycloaddition method that selectively forms 6-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes, suggesting these structures could offer promising new scaffolds for drug discovery and medicinal chemistry.
May 2019 in “Asian Journal of Chemistry” Finasteride forms three new products under acidic stress.
39 citations
,
December 2001 in “JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute” This study found that enhanced expression of the Sonic hedgehog gene via an adenovirus vector accelerated hair regrowth in mice with chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
66 citations
,
May 2012 in “Scientific Reports” This study demonstrated that bioengineered hair follicles reconstituted from embryonic skin cells and transplanted into hosts can restore physiological hair functions, suggesting potential applications for treating alopecia.
41 citations
,
March 2007 in “Steroids” This article reviews recent advances in the synthesis of oxasteroids and reports no new experimental results.
2 citations
,
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” This review critically evaluates the evidence for SARMs' tissue selectivity and suggests their clinical benefits over traditional androgens are not yet well-supported by robust evidence, underscoring the need for further head-to-head trials.
13 citations
,
August 1995 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” This study found that the pH dependency of rat steroid 5α-reductase type II isozyme significantly affects its kinetic properties, including Vmax and Km, suggesting past discrepancies in literature may arise from these pH variances during assays.
14 citations
,
May 2012 in “Endocrine Research” This study found diverse responses to the androgen dihydrotestosterone in rodent tissues, with most androgen-regulated processes being specific to particular tissues.
13 citations
,
October 2017 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry” This study found that compound 3, a tetrahydropyridoindole carboxymethylated at position 5, significantly inhibited sorbitol accumulation in both rat eye lenses and tissues affected by diabetes, indicating its potential as a lead compound for ALR2 inhibition.
6 citations
,
August 2024 in “Advanced Science” This study presents a Cu-catalyzed atroposelective method achieving high stereoselectivity for synthesizing chiral biaryl N-oxides, with product 3e showing promising therapeutic efficacy against triple-negative breast cancer in cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468.
13 citations
,
June 2017 in “Biochimie open” This study determined that the human steroid 5α-reductase enzymes localize to the endoplasmic reticulum in HeLa cells, with protein tagging affecting expression and inducing protein aggregates for some isoforms.
129 citations
,
January 2004 in “Journal of medicinal chemistry” This study synthesized nonsteroidal ligands as second-generation androgen receptor agonists and identified three compounds with significant anabolic activity and moderate to minimal androgenic activity in vivo.
13 citations
,
January 2015 in “Steroids” This study generated a pharmacophoric model for both isoforms of steroidal 5α-reductase using 6-azasteroids, providing a structural framework for designing new inhibitors.
1 citations
,
March 1997 in “Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications” This study discovered that the disposition of LY191704 enantiomers in rats and dogs is both stereoselective and species specific.
11 citations
,
August 2009 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery” This review discusses current challenges in selective androgen receptor modulator discovery and preclinical evaluation and reports no new results, emphasizing the need for basic research to improve safety and selectivity.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “MedChemComm” This study characterized the SARM PF-05314882, finding it demonstrates anabolic activity in rats with minimal effects on the prostate, seminal vesicles, and luteinizing hormone levels.
41 citations
,
October 2019 in “Biomolecules” This review highlights the role of all-trans retinoic acid in regulating stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, suggesting its potential to enhance treatments in regenerative medicine and cancer.
143 citations
,
May 2002 in “PubMed” This study found that the retinoid LGD1069 suppressed mammary tumorigenesis in a mouse model without observable toxicity, while TTNPB showed modest effects but was associated with significant toxicity.
11 citations
,
August 2014 in “PLoS ONE” This study found that GFRα2 influences cell size but not survival or target innervation of Ret-positive low-threshold mechanoreceptors in mouse dorsal root ganglia, differing from its role in nonpeptidergic nociceptors.
18 citations
,
April 2001 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters” This study identified the N-(iodopropenyl) derivative 13 as a promising candidate for development as a radioiodinated androgen receptor ligand due to its binding affinity.
28 citations
,
November 2004 in “Endocrinology” This study by Gao et al. reports that two nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators, S1 and S4, demonstrated tissue-selective actions in rats, suppressing prostate growth while maintaining muscle growth without altering hormone levels.
January 2004 in “Pharmaceutical biotechnology” This study found that finasteride effectively inhibits the enzymatic activity of human steroid 5 alpha reductase type II in newly established CHO cell lines.