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The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

Hedgehog signaling is crucial for mammary gland development over hair follicles.

Potassium channel openers show promise for treating heart disease and other conditions, but more research is needed to fully understand their effects and safety.

Skin stem cells are maintained by signals from nearby cells and vary in their ability to renew and mature.

Activating ER-β, not ER-α, improves skin cell growth and wound healing.

Altered retinoid metabolism in cicatricial alopecia suggests a balanced vitamin A diet may prevent the condition.

Androgens affect bone and fat cell development differently based on the cells' embryonic origin.

Progesterone byproduct 5αP stimulates mammary tumor growth, but finasteride can suppress it.

FoxN1 gene is essential for proper thymus structure and preventing hair loss.

The conclusion is that removing both ovaries is the best treatment for excess male hormones in postmenopausal women, with medication as another option, and managing insulin resistance is important for diagnosis and treatment.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) doesn't affect rat skin cell growth, but it does change cell cycle, protein levels, and other cell functions, potentially shortening hair growth cycle.

Inhibiting AP1 in mice skin causes structural changes and weakens the skin barrier.

Finasteride effectively treats enlarged prostate and male baldness, improves symptoms of hirsutism in women, but doesn't work for acne, and may delay prostate cancer progression with few side effects.

Platelet-rich plasma may help hair follicle cells grow by affecting certain genes and pathways.

Isoallopregnanolone may be a safe and effective treatment for reducing tics in a mouse model of Tourette syndrome.

RNA from horse hair follicles can track circadian rhythms non-invasively.

Finasteride boosts morphine's pain relief, stops tolerance, and reduces withdrawal in rats.

The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.

Optimizing the structure of a specific compound greatly improved its effectiveness and precision for treating diabetic complications.

A mutation in the Adam10 gene causes freckle-like spots on Hairless mice.

The PP2A-B55α protein is essential for brain and skin development in embryos.

Monascus helps prevent baldness, prostate issues, and may be a natural alternative to medications.

Both topical calcipotriol and narrowband UVB improved alopecia, but combining them didn't enhance the effect on hair loss severity, despite higher vitamin D3 levels.

Blackcurrant extract may help reduce hair loss by promoting stem cell activity in hair follicles.

Antiandrogens are the main treatment for hirsutism, with individualized care and safe, affordable options needed.

PSA levels could help detect illegal steroid use in female athletes but face challenges like cost and PCOS prevalence.

Finasteride affects frog testes by increasing testosterone, decreasing 5α-DHT, and impacting genes related to reproduction and other functions.

Finasteride helps reduce blood vessel growth in diabetic rat kidneys.

PSA levels are higher in women with PCOS, but FAI is a more accurate marker for diagnosis.

Chicken feather gene mutation helps understand human hair disorders.