April 2025 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This review by St. Denis et al. highlights that prostaglandin E2 is overexpressed in several skin cancers and suggests targeting its pathway could offer potential treatments for these malignancies.
July 2026 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study uncovered that bimatoprost, a prostaglandin analog, promotes hair growth by activating hair follicle progenitor cells through two pathways: the PTGFR-MAPK signaling axis and an unexpected IGF1R-PCAD-AKT signaling axis, suggesting new potential targets for treating hair disorders.
18 citations
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February 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that prostaglandin D2 promotes androgen receptor and AKT signaling in human dermal papilla cells through the DP2 receptor, potentially contributing to androgenetic alopecia.
August 2026 in “Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators” This review suggests that imbalance in prostaglandin levels may contribute to androgenetic alopecia, highlighting prostaglandins as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the condition.
August 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This review suggests that hair loss involves a complex interplay of androgen signaling with various regenerative and inflammatory pathways, challenging the view of dihydrotestosterone as the sole cause.
August 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This narrative literature review by LUSTRAO examines the complex biological mechanisms influencing hair growth and loss, highlighting that androgen signalling, while significant, works within a network involving regenerative, inflammatory, and vascular processes, without establishing it as the sole explanation for conditions like androgenetic alopecia.
April 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that TLR3-mediated damage sensing can stimulate prostaglandin and Wnt pathways, potentially coordinating hair follicle regeneration in mice with large skin wounds.
19 citations
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August 2019 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” This review discusses emerging targets for developing drugs to treat hair loss and reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize the potential for therapies that regenerate hair follicles.
11 citations
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May 2016 in “Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology” This study found that 15-dPGJ2 promotes apoptosis in human follicular keratinocytes, suggesting its potential role in developing hair loss prevention treatments through DP2 antagonism.
2 citations
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February 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study suggests that the expression of the DP2 receptor is higher in balding scalp cells and that its knockdown could inhibit the transition to the catagen phase in cultured human hair follicles, potentially counteracting hair growth inhibition associated with male pattern baldness.
July 2013 in “Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation” This review discusses genetic contributions to androgenetic alopecia and proposes focusing on candidate genes in genome-wide association studies, but it reports no new clinical results.
August 2024 in “Cosmetics” This review discusses genetic and pharmacogenetic insights, along with RNA interference technologies, for developing personalized therapies for androgenetic alopecia, yet presents no new clinical results.
359 citations
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January 2015 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine” This article reviews the role of skin appendages in wound healing and appendage regeneration, discussing cellular and molecular mechanisms but reports no new experimental findings.
35 citations
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January 2011 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” This study found that overexpression of sPLA2-X in mice was associated with alopecia and hair follicle abnormalities, highlighting its potential role in hair follicle homeostasis.
30 citations
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May 2018 in “Experimental Dermatology” This article reviews the cellular dynamics affecting dermal papilla size in androgenetic alopecia and suggests targeting DP size could improve therapies, but it presents no new clinical data.
26 citations
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January 2019 in “Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs” This review explored the new and emerging treatments for androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata, finding that JAK inhibitors show promise for alopecia areata, while advancements in stem-cell research may eventually lead to new and improved treatments for androgenetic alopecia.
1 citations
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May 2025 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology” This study found that Centipeda minima and brevilin A significantly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in human dermal fibroblasts, suggesting their potential to protect against skin aging and inflammation.
This study reviews current pharmacological treatments for alopecia, highlighting minoxidil, 5α-reductase inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, and other agents, and notes ongoing research aimed at improving their effectiveness and safety profiles.
February 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that specific junctional proteins are significantly downregulated in balding regions of the scalp in men with androgenetic alopecia, suggesting disrupted cell communication may play a role in hair loss.
48 citations
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April 2013 in “Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs” This article reviews emerging treatments for androgenetic alopecia, including topical 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors and prostaglandin modulators, but reports no clinical results and calls for further efficacy evidence, especially for PRP.
40 citations
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September 2019 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” This paper discusses mechanisms by which various chemicals disrupt male sexual differentiation, concluding that mixture risk assessments should include a broader set of compounds beyond phthalates to address cumulative reproductive health risks.
43 citations
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August 2016 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” This study found that a eupafolin nanoparticle delivery system improved water solubility and skin penetration, enhancing its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against particulate matter-induced stress in skin cells.
24 citations
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January 2018 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” This review discusses advances in molecular biology and genetics related to androgenetic alopecia and reports no new clinical results.
4 citations
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November 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that filamin A plays a crucial role in fibroblasts' ability to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, significantly affecting wound closure and fibroblast-mediated processes in mice.
July 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review highlights that a comprehensive approach combining pharmacological, immunomodulatory, and regenerative interventions, including phototherapy enhanced with topical treatments and JAK inhibitors, appears effective and promising in the management of vitiligo by addressing its autoimmune and melanocyte-loss aspects.
November 2023 in “BMC genomics” Using a multi-omics analysis, this study identified key regulators like PLA2G12A, KRT79, and prostaglandin B2 that influence cashmere fineness, providing crucial data for understanding the molecular mechanisms behind this trait in Liaoning cashmere goats.
18 citations
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November 2020 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” This review discusses how inflammation influences hair follicle stem cell activities like wound healing and follicle cycling and suggests a potential link between inflammation, stem cell activation, and programmed cell death.
October 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that topical rebamipide, originally a gastric ulcer medication, can activate hair follicle stem cells and promote hair regeneration by modulating dermal adipocyte metabolism, with potential targeting of the prostaglandin E receptor EP4.
New treatments show promise for hair loss, especially JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata.
May 2012 in “Scientific American” New app improves storm surge predictions; advances in baldness treatment show potential but require time.