September 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study developed a 3D skin model with immune and endothelial cells, which may enhance understanding of skin biology and diseases due to its closer approximation to native skin.
7 citations
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January 2019 in “Methods in molecular biology” This chapter describes methods for creating engineered skin substitutes with chimeric hair follicles using human and murine cell grafts in immunodeficient mice, but reports no clinical outcomes.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Early-stage skin substitutes improve wound healing and skin structure.
This study reported that a skin equivalent model using human outer root sheath cells and fibroblasts showed the formation of structures similar to human dermis and epidermis within two weeks after transplantation into mice.
69 citations
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October 2013 in “Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine” This review examines the role of endothelial precursors and cellularized scaffolds in wound repair and revascularization for treating full thickness skin loss, but reports no new clinical results.
July 2026 in “Acta Biomaterialia” This study introduced a bioengineering platform that creates early-stage hair peg-like structures within tissue-engineered skin substitutes by integrating human keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells with laser-micropatterned collagen scaffolds, providing a foundation for future appendage-inclusive skin regeneration efforts.
110 citations
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August 2011 in “Journal of Visualized Experiments” This research highlights the use of 3D human skin model reconstructs as a promising method to study human skin biology, showing that these models replicate natural melanocyte and melanoma behaviors accurately.
45 citations
,
October 2014 in “Stem cell research & therapy” This study found that using 3D Gel-C6S-HA scaffolds seeded with VEGF165-modified rat hair follicle stem cells enhanced angiogenesis and vascularization in tissue-engineered skin, improving wound healing.
1 citations
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June 2024 in “Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open” In this case report, successful scalp reconstruction was achieved for a 67-year-old man using a super thin DIEP flap, a technique adapted from breast reconstruction that shows promise in head and neck surgeries for improving wound contour and skin coverage.
12 citations
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September 2020 in “Stem cell research & therapy” This study concluded that early-stage tissue-engineered skin substitutes, developed using skin progenitor cells, had a better graft efficiency and supported hair follicle formation, which may improve wound healing outcomes.
3 citations
,
June 2025 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” This review highlights the global efforts and challenges in 3D bioprinting for developing skin substitutes, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols to enhance reproducibility and clinical applicability in wound healing and regeneration.
2 citations
,
September 2023 in “Journal of clinical medicine” This study found that using autologous ultra-thin split-thickness skin grafts from the scalp with the DermaBlade tool led to rapid wound healing, minimal complications, and improved cosmetic outcomes for 90% of patients with lower extremity lesions, without causing scarring or alopecia.
6 citations
,
June 2024 in “Biofabrication” This study used digital-light-processing bioprinting to create a 3D skin-on-a-chip model with a miniaturized vascular network to closely study immune cell interactions similar to real human skin, demonstrating the potential to analyze immune-T cell trafficking influenced by skin signals.
August 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review discusses the use of human-to-mouse xenografting to study human skin processes in vivo, highlighting its importance for understanding skin regeneration and pathology while identifying knowledge gaps and challenges in applying these findings to human skin.
January 2026 in “SSRN Electronic Journal”
8 citations
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April 2023 in “Advanced materials” In this study, implantable vascularized engineered thrombi using autologous whole blood improved skin wound healing in rats by promoting robust microcapillary networks and accelerating healing processes.
This article reviews current advancements and options in skin substitutes for burn patients, but reports no new research findings, noting the promise for fully functional skin substitutes in the future.
22 citations
,
October 2012 in “International Wound Journal” This review discusses recent advancements in engineering bioengineered skin substitutes and highlights ongoing challenges, emphasizing the need for improvements in replicating uninjured skin; it reports no new experimental results.
January 2006 in “Journal of Sun Yat-sen University” This study reports that tissue-engineered skin using ES cell-derived epidermal stem cells and collagen sponge successfully healed full thickness skin defects in mice, forming epidermis and structures resembling glands and hair follicles.
August 2004 in “Journal of the American College of Surgeons” Dermagraft and Dermalogen had a lot of granulation, while Alloderm, Integra, and ADM had good blood vessel growth for skin healing.
18 citations
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June 1993 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Human hair follicles can be used to create skin-like tissue for wound healing and drug testing.
This review highlights the potential of 3D bioprinting in developing functional, patient-specific artificial skin, addressing limitations of traditional skin grafts and advancing regenerative medicine applications.
11 citations
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March 2017 in “Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine” This review discusses various human skin equivalents, including those involving stem cells, and compares their structure and application, without presenting new clinical findings.
4 citations
,
October 2017 in “Advances in tissue engineering & regenerative medicine” In this study, a bioengineered construct using a biodegradable polycaprolactone mat cocultured with human keratinocyte and rabbit dermal fibroblast cells demonstrated potential as a tissue-engineered skin substitute, showing good cell adhesion and growth.
In this study, the researchers developed a biomimetic multilayer composite scaffold combining a decellularized amniotic membrane, fibroblast-laden collagen gel, and epidermal stem cells, which healed full-thickness skin wounds more quickly and effectively by regenerating hair follicles without scarring compared to Moropicin ointment.
87 citations
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February 2004 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” In this study, researchers achieved complete reepithelialization and hair growth on a burn-injured scalp using a tissue-engineered dermal template with early micrograft hair follicle implantation.
8 citations
,
October 2022 in “Biomedical Materials” This study found that incorporating hair follicle-primed spheroids into skin constructs showed potential for developing hair-bearing skin mimetics with follicle-forming abilities in vitro.
39 citations
,
August 2011 in “Journal of Visualized Experiments” This review discusses the development and findings of 3D human skin models for studying melanocyte homeostasis and melanoma progression but reports no new clinical results.
This study found that a modified scaffold with VEGF165 genetically modified hair follicle stem cells significantly promoted blood vessel growth and wound healing in rats, suggesting its potential as a skin substitute in clinical settings.
28 citations
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September 2015 in “Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift” New skin substitutes for treating severe burns and chronic wounds are being developed, but a permanent solution for deep wounds is not yet available commercially.