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This study found that 5‐α‐reductase inhibitors reduce the risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer in men who undergo regular screening, but increase the risk of sexual and erectile dysfunction.

In this study, treatment with 1 mg of finasteride was associated with stable sexual function, suggesting that sexual side effects may be less common than indicated in clinical trials.

The study observed that finasteride reduced fertility in male Sprague-Dawley rats by impairing the formation of copulatory plugs, an effect considered specific to rats and not applicable to species without this reproductive feature.

This review summarizes preclinical and clinical information on herbal products for hair loss treatment, highlighting their mechanisms, follicular penetration, and potential side effects, suggesting they may offer alternatives to synthetic drugs with fewer side effects.

This review identifies evidence of sexual adverse effects, particularly linked to finasteride, in men using systemic dermatologic medications but reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the role of androgens in male sexual differentiation and characteristics and reports no new clinical results; it emphasizes the androgen dependence of male pattern scalp hair loss.

In this study, male patients treated with 150 mCi of radioactive iodine showed no negative impact on fertility, but long-term studies with larger groups are needed to further assess hormonal effects and sperm health after this treatment.

A thorough initial check-up is essential before sperm banking to ensure the best chance of preserving good quality sperm.

This study found that young adult men with moderate to severe AGA have poorer semen quality compared to those with normal to mild AGA.

This review discusses post-SSRI sexual dysfunction and post-finasteride syndrome, highlighting unknowns about their true incidence and underlying causes, and reports no new clinical results.

This article reviews the potential clinical use of anabolic steroids in treating muscle loss from chronic diseases and aging and highlights both the benefits and risks of these substances in sports.

This article discusses the treatment of androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata with finasteride and minoxidil but reports no new clinical results.

In this study, minoxidil effectively reduced blood pressure to near normal levels in patients with malignant or accelerated hypertension resistant to conventional treatments, offering a potential alternative to nephrectomy.

This study supports the conclusion that the hormetic dose-response model is the most prevalent and fundamental model in biological and biomedical sciences, applicable to a wide range of clinical conditions.

This study highlights that adverse effects from finasteride may persist in men after discontinuation, indicating a potential "post-finasteride syndrome.

This study found that low-dose finasteride use in young men was associated with higher reporting of persistent sexual dysfunction, with some cases linked to suicidal ideation.

This study suggests that botanical 5AR inhibitors like Serenoa repens and β-sitosterol may improve symptoms of androgenetic alopecia, with 60% of treated subjects showing improvement compared to placebo.

This study found that 60% of men with mild to moderate androgenetic alopecia showed improvement after treatment with botanically derived 5AR inhibitors, suggesting these compounds may be effective, though larger trials are needed.

This study examined different polymersome systems for topical finasteride delivery and found that chitosan-decorated C7 polymersomes may enhance skin retention and provide controlled drug release compared to non-decorated systems in laboratory settings.

This study found that liquid crystalline nanoparticles formulated with Cremophor surfactants significantly enhanced skin permeation of finasteride compared to lower surfactant concentrations.

This review discusses evidence-based treatments for common hair loss forms, noting robust support for androgenetic alopecia therapies but limited long-term data and fewer high-quality studies for alopecia areata and cicatricial alopecias.

This study found that in Japanese male patients with androgenetic alopecia, dutasteride 0.5 mg daily over 52 weeks was associated with improvements in hair growth and appearance, with reported adverse events mostly mild.

This article reviews expert opinions on combining pharmacologic treatments like minoxidil with hair transplantation, reporting improved hair density and regrowth in patients with partially functioning follicles.

This review discusses the potential of herbal treatments like Saw palmetto, Green tea, and Rosemary as alternatives to conventional drugs for androgenetic alopecia, noting that these herbs may inhibit the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme and reduce hair loss with fewer side effects.

Minoxidil lowers blood pressure more effectively but has more side effects, so try hydralazine first.

This review discusses persistent sexual and nonsexual adverse effects of the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride in younger men, including erectile dysfunction, low libido, and depression. It reports no new clinical results but emphasizes further research is needed.

This review summarized existing research on finasteride and erectile dysfunction, finding a correlation between finasteride use for benign prostatic hyperplasia and ED, but not strongly for male androgenetic alopecia.

This study found that dutasteride 0.5 mg was generally well-tolerated and led to overall improvement in male patients aged 18 to 41 with androgenic alopecia in a Korean clinical practice setting.

This study found that surface-modified liquid crystalline nanoparticles significantly enhanced skin permeation of finasteride and dutasteride compared to unmodified nanoparticles, suggesting potential for improved treatment efficacy in androgenetic alopecia.

This paper discusses the first reported case of post-finasteride syndrome in a long-term dermatotrichology setting, occurring in a 25-year-old male after dutasteride treatment, and highlights possible links to mental health disorders.