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GlossaryPlacebo-Controlled

comparison involves an inactive substance to test treatment efficacy

A placebo-controlled study is a type of clinical trial where one group of participants receives the experimental treatment, while another group receives a placebo—a substance with no therapeutic effect, often a sugar pill. This design helps researchers determine the actual effectiveness of the treatment by comparing outcomes between the treated group and the placebo group, thereby accounting for the placebo effect, where participants may experience perceived or actual improvements in their condition simply because they believe they are receiving treatment.

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research A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of 5% and 2% Topical Minoxidil Solutions in the Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss

219 citations, March 2004 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

5% and 2% minoxidil solutions effectively promote hair growth and reduce hair loss, with 5% being slightly more effective but having more side effects.

research A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Crossover Study of Fluoxetine in Trichotillomania

180 citations, November 1991 in “American Journal of Psychiatry”

Fluoxetine was not effective in treating hair-pulling disorder in the short term.

Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Dutasteride 0.5 mg Once Daily in Male Patients with Male Pattern Hair Loss: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Study

research Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Dutasteride 0.5 mg Once Daily in Male Patients with Male Pattern Hair Loss: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Study

92 citations, June 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Dutasteride 0.5 mg daily improves hair growth safely in men with hair loss.

research A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Inositol in Trichotillomania

18 citations, March 2017 in “International clinical psychopharmacology”

Inositol was not more effective than a placebo in treating trichotillomania.

research Minoxidil 2% Lotion for Eyebrow Enhancement: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Split-Face Comparative Study

13 citations, November 2013 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

Minoxidil 2% lotion is safe and effective for making eyebrows thicker and fuller.

research A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of 1% Topical Minoxidil Solution in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia in Japanese Women

10 citations, January 2007 in “PubMed”

1% topical minoxidil solution significantly improved hair growth in Japanese women with androgenetic alopecia, with no major side effects.

research Intradermal Injections With 0.5% Minoxidil for the Treatment of Female Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

7 citations, December 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy”

Injections with 0.5% minoxidil effectively treat female hair loss, increasing hair density and thickness.

research Safety and Efficacy of ALRV5XR in Women with Androgenetic Alopecia or Telogen Effluvium: A Randomised, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

6 citations, June 2021 in “EClinicalMedicine”

ALRV5XR significantly improves hair density in women with hair loss and is well-tolerated.

Sesquiterpene-Enriched Extract of Curcuma Aeruginosa Roxb. Retards Axillary Hair Growth: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study

research Sesquiterpene-Enriched Extract of Curcuma Aeruginosa Roxb. Retards Axillary Hair Growth: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study

5 citations, January 2018 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

Curcuma aeruginosa extract lotion significantly reduces underarm hair growth.

Placebo-Controlled Dose-Effect Studies with Topical Minoxidil 2% or 5% in Male-Patterned Hair Loss Treated with Oral Finasteride Employing an Analytical and Exhaustive Study Protocol

research Placebo-Controlled Dose-Effect Studies with Topical Minoxidil 2% or 5% in Male-Patterned Hair Loss Treated with Oral Finasteride Employing an Analytical and Exhaustive Study Protocol

5 citations, January 2020 in “Skin Research and Technology”

Minoxidil 5% works better than 2% for hair growth in male-patterned hair loss.

Hair Growth Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine BeauTop on Androgenetic Alopecia Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

research Hair Growth Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine BeauTop on Androgenetic Alopecia Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

5 citations, November 2016 in “Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine”

BeauTop improves hair growth in androgenetic alopecia patients.

The Efficacy of Subcutaneous Slow-Release Melatonin Implants in the Prevention of Canine Flank Alopecia Recurrence Is Uncertain: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

research The Efficacy of Subcutaneous Slow-Release Melatonin Implants in the Prevention of Canine Flank Alopecia Recurrence Is Uncertain: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

3 citations, September 2022 in “Veterinary Dermatology”

Melatonin implants did not effectively prevent hair loss in dogs.

research Safety and Efficacy of ALRV5XR in Men with Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomised, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

3 citations, September 2021 in “EClinicalMedicine”

ALRV5XR effectively increases hair density in men with androgenetic alopecia without adverse effects.

research Placebo Controlled Clinical Evaluation of a Topical Moisturizer Formula Containing Phytol

1 citations, May 2017 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

The moisturizer with phytol improved skin texture and reduced fine wrinkles better than the moisturizer without it.

Supplementary Material for: Sesquiterpene-Enriched Extract of Curcuma Aeruginosa Roxb. Retards Axillary Hair Growth: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study

research Supplementary Material for: Sesquiterpene-Enriched Extract of Curcuma Aeruginosa Roxb. Retards Axillary Hair Growth: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study

January 2018 in “Figshare”

Curcuma aeruginosa extract lotion effectively reduces underarm hair growth.

research Evaluation of Platelet Rich Plasma for Treatment of Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Placebo-Controlled Case Study

December 2022 in “Journal of Dermatology Research”

Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) treatment significantly improved Female Pattern Hair Loss in a study, but more trials are needed for confirmation.

Randomized Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Half-Head Study to Assess the Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

research Randomized Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Half-Head Study to Assess the Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

136 citations, April 2016 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

PRP treatment helps hair growth and density in androgenetic alopecia patients.

research Efficacy and Safety of Skin Radiance Collagen on Skin and Hair Matrix: A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial in Healthy Human Subjects

March 2024 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology”

Skin Radiance Collagen improved skin and hair health in adult females.

Improvement in Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Alopecia Areata Randomized to Baricitinib or Placebo: Results from Two International Randomized Controlled Trials

research Improvement in Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Alopecia Areata Randomized to Baricitinib or Placebo: Results from Two International Randomized Controlled Trials

November 2023 in “JEADV Clinical Practice”

Patients with severe alopecia areata felt better and less anxious or depressed when treated with baricitinib compared to placebo.

research The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Hair Regrowth: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

214 citations, September 2015 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine”

Platelet-rich plasma injections significantly improved hair regrowth and thickness in patients with hair loss.

A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Finasteride for Male Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (Category IIIA Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis)

research A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Finasteride for Male Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (Category IIIA Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis)

127 citations, May 2004 in “PubMed”

Finasteride may help some male chronic pelvic pain patients, but more research needed.

research Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of Topical Minoxidil in Extensive Alopecia Areata

104 citations, March 1987 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Minoxidil helps hair growth in 63.6% of alopecia patients, with 27.3% having excellent results.

A Randomized, Active- and Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Dutasteride Versus Placebo and Finasteride in the Treatment of Male Subjects with Androgenetic Alopecia

research A Randomized, Active- and Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Dutasteride Versus Placebo and Finasteride in the Treatment of Male Subjects with Androgenetic Alopecia

97 citations, January 2014 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Dutasteride 0.5 mg works better than finasteride and placebo for increasing hair in men with hair loss.

A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy of a 24-Week Topical Treatment by Latanoprost 0.1% on Hair Growth and Pigmentation in Healthy Volunteers with Androgenetic Alopecia

research A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy of a 24-Week Topical Treatment by Latanoprost 0.1% on Hair Growth and Pigmentation in Healthy Volunteers with Androgenetic Alopecia

81 citations, August 2011 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Latanoprost 0.1% may effectively treat hair loss.

Proxalutamide Reduces the Rate of Hospitalization for COVID-19 Male Outpatients: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial

research Proxalutamide Reduces the Rate of Hospitalization for COVID-19 Male Outpatients: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial

42 citations, July 2021 in “Frontiers in Medicine”

Proxalutamide significantly lowered hospital admissions for male COVID-19 patients compared to a placebo.

A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Single-Center Pilot Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Apremilast in Subjects with Moderate-to-Severe Alopecia Areata

research A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Single-Center Pilot Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Apremilast in Subjects with Moderate-to-Severe Alopecia Areata

42 citations, November 2018 in “Archives of dermatological research”

Apremilast was not effective in treating moderate-to-severe alopecia areata.

A Multicenter Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Oral Ciclosporin A in the Treatment of Canine Idiopathic Sebaceous Adenitis Compared with Conventional Topical Treatment

research A Multicenter Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Oral Ciclosporin A in the Treatment of Canine Idiopathic Sebaceous Adenitis Compared with Conventional Topical Treatment

24 citations, May 2010 in “Veterinary dermatology”

Oral ciclosporin A and topical treatments both reduce hair loss and scaling in dogs with sebaceous adenitis, but using both together is most effective.

research A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study on the Effects of Pioglitazone on Cortisol Metabolism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

24 citations, April 2008 in “Fertility and sterility”

Pioglitazone improved insulin sensitivity and altered cortisol metabolism in PCOS patients.

research A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial on the Effects of Testosterone Undecanoate Plus Dutasteride or Placebo on Muscle Strength, Body Composition, and Metabolic Profile in Transmen

7 citations, January 2021 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine”

Testosterone with dutasteride improves muscle strength and body composition in trans men.

Commentary on a Randomized Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Half-Head Study to Assess the Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

research Commentary on a Randomized Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Half-Head Study to Assess the Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

4 citations, March 2016 in “Dermatologic Surgery”

PRP treatment increased hair density, especially in men and younger patients with AGA.