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Melatonin helps regulate hair growth and protects the hair follicle from stress.

The p53 protein has complex, sometimes contradictory functions, including tumor suppression and promoting cell survival.

Wnt signaling may be linked to heart diseases in aging and could be a target for future treatments.

To diagnose Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, two out of three signs—irregular periods, high male hormone levels, or cysts on the ovaries—are needed.

Photobiomodulation may help with hair growth and wound healing, but research is inconsistent and needs better quality studies.

Menstrual disorders are common in adolescents and can be influenced by weight, activity, and health issues, requiring careful evaluation and more research for effective treatment.

The document concludes that understanding hair follicles requires more research using computational methods and an integrative approach, considering the current limitations in hair treatment products.

Acitretin is effective for severe psoriasis and can be used long-term due to no immunosuppression, but must be carefully monitored for side effects and is not for pregnant women.

Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.

Higher BMI and lower testosterone are linked to more aggressive prostate cancer.

Human hair grows better in a special gel that mimics skin.

Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.

Certain genes and pathways are linked to the production of finer and denser wool in Hetian sheep.

PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.

5α-reductase inhibitors can interfere with doping tests by masking banned substances.

The conclusion is that obesity should be managed with a slow, balanced approach to diet and exercise, with medication and surgery as additional options, and education and access to care are important.

The study found that giant pandas have more melanin in black hair follicles than white, with gene expression differences that could affect hair color and skin health.

Signals from skin cells controlled by Rac proteins help turn certain precursor cells into white fat cells.

Using radiation to make mice's hair turn gray helps study and find ways to prevent or reverse hair graying.

Hyperandrogenism increases heart disease risk in premenopausal women, but this risk is linked to obesity in postmenopausal women.

The document concludes that effectively managing PCOS requires a multifaceted approach.

Eating high-glycemic and dairy foods can increase hormones that may cause acne and other health issues.

The study concluded that similar pathways regulate hair growth in dogs and mice, and these pathways are disrupted in dogs with Alopecia X, affecting stem cells and hormone metabolism.

SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, can affect all endocrine organs and systems, altering their function and potentially leading to disorders. Factors like diabetes and obesity increase infection risk and severity. Understanding these effects is key for effective treatment.

Lower LDL-c levels predict higher COVID-19 mortality.

The chapter explains the causes of excessive hair growth and masculinization in women and how to measure hormone levels related to these conditions.

Inositol shows promise in treating PCOS and other health issues, but more research is needed.

The document concludes that stem cell inactivity is actively controlled and important for tissue repair and balance.

The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

Skin fat has important roles in hair growth, skin repair, immune defense, and aging, and could be targeted for skin and hair treatments.