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In this review, researchers examined the molecular diversity and expression patterns of major skin appendage proteins, like keratins and EDC proteins, in tetrapods, highlighting recent findings in reptiles and birds and identifying knowledge gaps for future research.

This study found that type II keratins in proliferating epithelial tissues are phosphorylated at a conserved motif during mitosis and stress, impacting keratin solubilization and reorganization.

In this study, researchers identified a highly reactive, isozyme-specific sequence for TGase 3, contributing to understanding its distinct functional role and activity distribution in the mouse epidermis.

This study found that the RADA-GHK and RADA-KGHK peptide hydrogels improved wound healing and cell growth without cytotoxicity, suggesting potential for use in skin regeneration.

This study found that a cuticle keratin gene in sheep is a pseudogene due to gene duplication and mutations, lacking expression in vivo.

This study evaluated amphiphilic self-assembling peptides as drug delivery systems and found they effectively ensured prolonged release and therapeutic efficacy for timolol in glaucoma and for chemotherapy agents in cancer treatment, with significant tumor size reduction observed in animal models.

This study reported that newly developed RADA16-I peptide hybrids, with active motifs like GHK and KGHK, demonstrated improved wound healing in a mouse skin injury model without cytotoxicity, suggesting they might be effective scaffolds for tissue engineering and regeneration.

Type I and Type II keratin chains can form heterodimers despite sequence differences.

Transamidases are present in the epidermis but their exact role is unclear.

This book discusses the development and applications of peptide-based biomaterials for healthcare, but it reports no new research findings.

This review analyzed how the chirality of peptide building blocks affects their self-assembly into hydrogels, comparing structural and mechanical properties of homochiral and heterochiral peptides, and discussed potential biological applications of these peptide systems.

This study identified and sequenced several keratin cDNA clones showing distinct expression patterns in mouse epithelia, with in situ hybridization highlighting differences in keratin distribution between normal and hyperproliferative tissues.

This study suggests that specific combinations of human type I and II hair keratins, particularly K35-K85 and K36-K81, have distinct in vitro assembly properties that are significant for macrofibril formation.

This study found that the peptide derivative beta-Ala-Pro-Dab-NHbenzyl may reduce wrinkles and sebum production in human skin by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase 4, suggesting potential for acne and skin inflammation treatment.

This study found that arginine vasotocin is evolutionarily conserved across diverse taxa and may play roles in neuroendocrine, immune, and stress signaling, with potential antimicrobial applications.

This study found that the cytokeratin patterns in skin epithelia can distinguish between different types, with basal-cell epitheliomas showing a striking similarity to the pilosebaceous tract.

This study found that several small molecule peptides based on thymosin β4 significantly promoted cell proliferation related to wound healing, angiogenesis, and hair growth more effectively than established positive controls.

In this study, the identification of a novel KAP gene in sheep, named KRTAP36-1, was associated with increased prickle factor in wool, suggesting its potential as a genetic marker for breeding purposes.

In this study, the RADA-PRG hydrogel enhanced SKP proliferation, survival, and gene expression, effectively supporting hair follicle regeneration in mice.

This study found that overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in transgenic mice skin disrupted normal hair follicle development, suggesting a role for the peptide in the early stages of follicle formation.

This case report identifies a new type of hair matrix tumor called "rippled pattern trichomatricoma," distinguished by its unique cell arrangement and differentiation features.

This review discusses the diversity of keratins and keratin-associated proteins in wool and hair, noting significant variation in their families, with no new results reported; the authors detail known protein structures without experimental findings.

In this narrative review, researchers found that biomimetic peptides, which mimic natural biological functions, show potential in improving hair density and thickness in people with alopecia, although more robust clinical studies are needed to confirm their efficacy for clinical use.

This study suggests that trichohyalin is modified by peptidyl-arginine deiminase before being cross-linked by TGase 3, allowing the formation of rigid structures in hair follicle cells.

This study found that IMT-P8, a novel cell-penetrating peptide, effectively facilitated the dermal delivery of proteins and peptides in mouse skin and cell lines, suggesting potential for topical applications in cosmetics and skin diseases.

This study identified a new S100 fused-type protein, scaffoldin, in reptiles and birds and suggests that SFTP-positive epithelia serve as scaffolds for the growth of various skin appendages, indicating a common evolutionary origin.

This review summarizes the current applications and mechanisms of self-assembled peptide hydrogels in promoting skin, bone, and nerve regeneration, highlighting their potential due to their biocompatibility and supportive role in tissue healing.