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High levels of male hormones and irregular periods best predict how well PCOS patients will respond to metformin treatment.

Menstrual abnormalities in PCOS women may not greatly affect their metabolic and hormonal profile.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Some skin conditions may increase the risk of heart disease, but are not yet included in cardiovascular prevention guidelines.

The book is a valuable reference on androgenic disorders for professionals but not suitable for laypeople or medical students.

Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.

Anti-androgens can help manage some PCOS symptoms better than metformin but are not more effective than placebos or birth control pills for other symptoms.

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy improved metabolism, behavior, and reproduction in obese rats with PCOS.

Physical activity significantly improved symptoms of PCOS in a patient.

PCOS is a common hormonal disorder in women that can be managed with lifestyle changes and various medications.

H. pylori infection is not linked to PCOS or infertility.

New treatments for PCOS show promise, including both medication and non-medication options.

Curcumin improved some metabolic factors in women with PCOS but did not affect cholesterol, insulin, or testosterone levels.

Myo-inositol-based treatments greatly improve pregnancy chances for women with PCOS.

Some women with PCOS have rare genetic variants linked to the condition.

Antiandrogenic pretreatment for women with PCOS does not improve fertility outcomes and delays pregnancy.

Women with PCOS are more likely to develop kidney stones, especially those with certain PCOS types.

Low vitamin D levels may affect ovulation and progesterone in infertile women.

More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.

Understanding how acne develops in different diseases could lead to new treatments.

The document concludes that inflammation markers can be used in diabetes, vitamin D3 affects immune pathways, hyperthyroidism changes hormone levels, androgen levels help diagnose Adrenocortical Carcinoma, erectile dysfunction is linked to diabetes, hypogonadism is common in HIV-infected males, and hormones can be biomarkers for various conditions.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a rare inherited disease causing hormone imbalances, affecting growth, fertility, and heart health, diagnosed through blood tests and treated with medication and lifestyle changes.

There is no gold standard treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa due to insufficient evidence.

Licorice has many health benefits but should be used carefully due to possible side effects.

Obesity can worsen wound healing by negatively affecting the function of stem cells in fat tissue.

Lower melatonin levels are linked to more skin aging.

Birth control pills with low-dose estrogen and antiandrogenic progestins can effectively treat acne.

Childhood obesity is rising globally due to various factors, and early prevention and healthy lifestyle changes are crucial.

Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.