Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder with symptoms such as irregular menses, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries, affecting up to 15%-20% of women based on certain diagnostic criteria. It is associated with various comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome, hypertension, cardiovascular issues, and mental health disorders. Insulin resistance is a significant concern in 50%-70% of women with PCOS. Management strategies for PCOS include lifestyle changes like weight loss, which can improve menstrual irregularities and infertility, and medications such as oral contraceptives, spironolactone, finasteride, and potentially letrozole and metformin for ovulation induction. Treatments for infertility also encompass clomiphene, laparoscopic ovarian drilling, gonadotropins, and assisted reproductive technology. Addressing PCOS is crucial not only for immediate patient concerns but also for preventing long-term health complications.