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Alopecia areata is complex, with genetic and immune factors, and animal models are key for future treatment research.

Enhancing regulatory T cells may help treat autoimmune diseases like alopecia areata.

This paper discusses the evolving understanding of psoriasis pathogenesis with no new clinical findings; the authors highlight the role of T-cell plasticity and regulatory cells, calling for further clinical applications using single-cell technologies.

T cells and bacteria in the gut and skin help maintain health and protect against disease.

This study analyzed blood samples from individuals with alopecia areata and found that NKG2D+ immune cells, particularly memory-like NK cells, may better correlate with disease activity compared to CD8+ cells, though significant variability among individuals complicates these findings.

In this study, researchers found that electrospun membranes with aligned surface topography advanced the immune response towards an adaptive stage and highlighted the role of T cells in hair follicle regeneration in mice, showcasing the intricate interactions between immune and skin cells.

This study found that Ifidancitinib, a JAK1/3 inhibitor, significantly promoted hair regrowth and reduced inflammation in a mouse model of alopecia areata by decreasing pathogenic T cell activity and inducing T cell exhaustion.

This study found that thymus transplantation in athymic mice resulted in T-cell-driven hair follicle depigmentation and loss, without multiorgan autoimmune disease, highlighting mechanisms of tissue-specific tolerance.

This review discusses the role of the TCL1 transgenic mouse model in understanding chronic lymphocytic leukemia biology and highlights the importance of exploring new pathogenetic and therapeutic targets.

In this study, researchers created a detailed human skin cell atlas by analyzing over 700,000 cells, finding that disrupted communication among specific immune and stromal cell subsets may play a key role in initiating and sustaining chronic skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis.

This review discusses progress in targeted therapies for vitiligo, focusing on Janus kinase inhibitors and the potential of mesenchymal stem cells, but reports no new clinical results.

In a preclinical mouse model, this study found that early treatment with the selective SYK inhibitor entospletinib significantly improved survival rates and clinical outcomes for graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation compared to placebo.

This research investigated immune cell involvement in various types of inflammatory alopecia by analyzing gene expression data from scalp samples, revealing distinct cellular changes in conditions like Alopecia Areata, Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia, Lichen Planopilaris, and Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia, which may inform future therapeutic targets.

This review highlights that T cells are crucial in regulating hair follicle regeneration and their disruption can lead to alopecia, providing insights into hair disorders related to T cell immune balance and hair follicle regeneration.

This study found that in alopecia areata, treatment with the oral JAK-inhibitor tofacitinib decreased clonally expanded CD8⁺ T cells in the scalp, but many expanded clones did not completely disappear, potentially leading to relapse after stopping treatment.

This study, using multimodal profiling in mice, found that various tissues contain unique γδ T cell subsets adapted to their environment, revealing their functional diversity, lineage relationships, and similarities to CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells.

In this study, researchers identified 19 genetic risk loci and highlighted 16 candidate causal genes, including immune-related ones, associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, emphasizing the role of specific immune cells like T cells and NK cells in its pathogenesis.

This review highlights similarities in the development of thymus and skin epidermis, reporting no new results; the authors emphasize shared molecular mechanisms despite different embryonic origins.

Alopecia areata is linked to immune system differences, with specific biomarkers like CXCL9 and CXCL10 being key for diagnosis and potential treatment targets.

T cells affect skin cell genes in inflammatory diseases, and therapy can normalize these changes.

This review discusses emerging research areas in alopecia areata pathobiology, highlighting the potential roles of unconventional immune cells and the need for more targeted therapeutic strategies, but reports no new experimental results.

This review examines the role of regulatory T cells in skin immune disorders, highlighting their unique functions in conditions like scleroderma, alopecia areata, and psoriasis, without reporting new clinical results.

This review discusses the dual role of tissue-resident memory T cells in providing immune protection against infections and cancer and contributing to autoimmune skin disease pathology, without presenting new experimental results.

This study found that human γδTregs promoted hair regrowth and restored hair follicle immune privilege in a model of alopecia areata, suggesting potential for cell-based therapy in autoimmune diseases.

This study suggests that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the development of alopecia areata, based on observations in rodent models that mimic human autoimmune disease.

This study found that ILC1-like cells can induce alopecia areata symptoms in both ex vivo human hair follicles and in vivo mouse models, challenging the view that alopecia areata is solely CD8+ T cell-driven.

This study concluded that the CXCL12–CXCR4 signaling pathway significantly contributes to hair loss in androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata by promoting inflammation and fibrosis, whereas inhibiting this pathway can restore hair growth and follicle health.

This review discusses the immune roles of keratinocytes in wound healing and chronic wound inflammation, emphasizing their potential impact on chronic wound pathology and highlighting areas for future research.

This review discusses the protective roles of skin-resident immune cells in maintaining tissue homeostasis and facilitating wound healing, but reports no new experimental findings.

Developing human skin has immune cells with memory-like features.