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    Glossary Overexpression

    production of a gene's product in unusually high amounts

    Overexpression refers to the process where a gene is produced in higher-than-normal amounts within a cell. This can happen naturally or be induced artificially in a lab setting. In the context of hair and alopecia, overexpression of certain genes might lead to excessive hair growth or, conversely, contribute to hair loss if the overexpressed gene disrupts normal hair follicle function.

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    1. Overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the skin of transgenic mice interferes with hair follicle development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 1994 · 211 citations
    2. Overexpression of activin A in the skin of transgenic mice reveals new activities of activin in epidermal morphogenesis, dermal fibrosis and wound repair EMBO journal · 1999 · 204 citations
    3. Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 induces hyperplasia, dermal abnormalities, and spontaneous tumor formation in transgenic mice Oncogene · 1997 · 147 citations
    4. Overexpression of protein kinase C-α in the epidermis of transgenic mice results in striking alterations in phorbol ester-induced inflammation and COX-2, MIP-2 and TNF-α expression but not tumor promotion Journal of Cell Science · 1999 · 135 citations
    5. Overexpression of Hoxc13 in differentiating keratinocytes results in downregulation of a novel hair keratin gene cluster and alopecia Development · 2001 · 114 citations
    6. Overexpression of Smad7 results in severe pathological alterations in multiple epithelial tissues The EMBO Journal · 2002 · 111 citations
    7. Overexpression of Hedgehog Signaling Is Associated with Epidermal Tumor Formation in Vitamin D Receptor–Null Mice Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2011 · 100 citations
    8. Overexpression of mIGF-1 in Keratinocytes Improves Wound Healing and Accelerates Hair Follicle Formation and Cycling in Mice American Journal Of Pathology · 2008 · 55 citations
    9. Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog suppresses embryonic hair follicle morphogenesis Developmental Biology · 2003 · 53 citations
    10. Overexpression of Bcl-2 Protects from Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis but Promotes Hair Follicle Regression and Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia ˜The œAmerican journal of pathology · 2000 · 47 citations
    11. Overexpression of the calcium sensing receptor accelerates epidermal differentiation and permeability barrier formation in vivo Mechanisms of Development · 2003 · 46 citations
    12. Overexpression of aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) in LNCaP cells diverts androgen metabolism towards testosterone resulting in resistance to the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · 2012 · 45 citations
    13. Overexpression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase under the control of mouse metallothionein I promoter in transgenic mice: evidence for a striking post-transcriptional regulation of transgene expression by a polyamine analogue Biochemical Journal · 1999 · 43 citations
    14. Overexpression of neurotrophin 4 in skin enhances myelinated sensory endings but does not influence sensory neuron number The Journal of Comparative Neurology · 2006 · 34 citations
    15. Overexpression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus produced anxiolytic and antidepressant-like behavioural effects Neuropharmacology · 2017 · 25 citations
    16. Overexpression of human keratin 16 produces a distinct skin phenotype in transgenic mouse skin Biochemistry and Cell Biology · 1995 · 25 citations
    17. Overexpression of IL-18 in the Proliferative Phase Endometrium of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Reproductive Sciences · 2016 · 21 citations
    18. Overexpression of Nanog in amniotic fluid–derived mesenchymal stem cells accelerates dermal papilla cell activity and promotes hair follicle regeneration Experimental and Molecular Medicine · 2019 · 14 citations
    19. Overexpression of alkaline phosphatase improves the hair-inductive capacity of cultured human dermal papilla spheres Journal of Dermatological Science · 2019 · 13 citations
    20. Overexpression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase under the control of mouse metallothionein I promoter in transgenic mice: evidence for a striking post-transcriptional regulation of transgene expression by a polyamine analogue Biochemical Journal · 1999 · 13 citations
    21. Overexpression of alfalfa SIMK promotes root hair growth, nodule clustering and shoot biomass production Plant biotechnology journal · 2020 · 11 citations
    22. Overexpression of Lnk in the Ovaries Is Involved in Insulin Resistance in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Endocrinology · 2016 · 11 citations
    23. Overexpression of hepatoma-derived growth factor in melanocytes does not lead to oncogenic transformation BMC Cancer · 2011 · 7 citations
    24. Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in hidradenitis suppurativa: the link between deviated immunity and metabolism Archives of dermatological research · 2023 · 5 citations
    25. Overexpression of miR‐122 promotes apoptosis of dermal papilla cells by directly targeting IGF1R in androgenetic alopecia Cell Biology International · 2021 · 2 citations
    26. Overexpression of HE4/WFDC2 gene in mice leads to keratitis and corneal opacity Open Life Sciences · 2025
    27. Overexpression of cotton Trihelix transcription factor GhGT-3b_A04 enhances resistance to Verticillium dahliae and affects plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana Journal of Plant Physiology · 2023
    28. Over-expression of thymosin beta4 promotes abnormal tooth development and stimulation of hair growth The International Journal of Developmental Biology · 2009 · 34 citations
    29. Over-expression of TSPO in the hippocampal CA1 area alleviates cognitive dysfunction caused by lipopolysaccharide in mice Brain Research · 2016 · 18 citations
    30. Over-, ectopic-expression of FoxN1 at early life adversely influences lymphopoiesis (HEM3P.280) 2014