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Glossary Overexpression

production of a gene's product in unusually high amounts

Overexpression refers to the process where a gene is produced in higher-than-normal amounts within a cell. This can happen naturally or be induced artificially in a lab setting. In the context of hair and alopecia, overexpression of certain genes might lead to excessive hair growth or, conversely, contribute to hair loss if the overexpressed gene disrupts normal hair follicle function.

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research Overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the skin of transgenic mice interferes with hair follicle development.

211 citations , February 1994 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

This study found that overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in transgenic mice skin disrupted normal hair follicle development, suggesting a role for the peptide in the early stages of follicle formation.

research Overexpression of activin A in the skin of transgenic mice reveals new activities of activin in epidermal morphogenesis, dermal fibrosis and wound repair

204 citations , October 1999 in “EMBO journal”

This study found that overexpression of activin in transgenic mice led to enhanced granulation tissue formation after skin injury due to changes in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.

research Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 induces hyperplasia, dermal abnormalities, and spontaneous tumor formation in transgenic mice

147 citations , April 1997 in “Oncogene”

This study found that transgenic mice expressing IGF-1 in their skin showed significant skin changes, early hair follicle generation, and a higher propensity to develop tumors after chemical promotion, suggesting IGF-1's role in skin carcinogenesis.

research Overexpression of protein kinase C-α in the epidermis of transgenic mice results in striking alterations in phorbol ester-induced inflammation and COX-2, MIP-2 and TNF-α expression but not tumor promotion

135 citations , October 1999 in “Journal of Cell Science”

This study found that overexpression of PKCα in mouse epidermis increases expression of specific proinflammatory mediators and induces inflammation but does not significantly affect epidermal differentiation, proliferation, or tumor promotion with TPA.

research Overexpression of Hoxc13 in differentiating keratinocytes results in downregulation of a novel hair keratin gene cluster and alopecia

114 citations , May 2001 in “Development”

This study found that overexpressing the Hoxc13 gene in mice causes hair loss and a skin condition similar to ichthyosis, identifying several gene targets that may regulate hair growth.

research Overexpression of Smad7 results in severe pathological alterations in multiple epithelial tissues

111 citations , June 2002 in “The EMBO Journal”

This study found that overexpression of Smad7 in transgenic mice led to severe alterations in multiple epithelial tissues, resulting in early death after birth.

research Overexpression of Hedgehog Signaling Is Associated with Epidermal Tumor Formation in Vitamin D Receptor–Null Mice

100 citations , August 2011 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Lack of vitamin D receptor increases skin tumor risk by boosting hedgehog signaling.

research Overexpression of mIGF-1 in Keratinocytes Improves Wound Healing and Accelerates Hair Follicle Formation and Cycling in Mice

55 citations , October 2008 in “American Journal Of Pathology”

mIGF-1 in skin cells speeds up wound healing and hair growth in mice without harmful effects.

research Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog suppresses embryonic hair follicle morphogenesis

53 citations , October 2003 in “Developmental Biology”

This study in mice found that overexpressing Sonic Hedgehog in basal cells caused skin anomalies and a lack of certain hair fibers, underscoring its key role in hair follicle development.

research Overexpression of Bcl-2 Protects from Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis but Promotes Hair Follicle Regression and Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia

47 citations , April 2000 in “The American journal of pathology”

This study found that overexpressing human Bcl-2 in mice protected epidermal keratinocytes from UVB-induced apoptosis but unexpectedly increased apoptosis during hair follicle regression and chemotherapy.

research Overexpression of the calcium sensing receptor accelerates epidermal differentiation and permeability barrier formation in vivo

46 citations , May 2003 in “Mechanisms of Development”

This study found that overexpression of the calcium sensing receptor in transgenic mice accelerates epidermal differentiation and hair growth, suggesting its role in enhancing calcium signaling and interaction with other pathways.

research Overexpression of aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) in LNCaP cells diverts androgen metabolism towards testosterone resulting in resistance to the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride

45 citations , January 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”

This study found that overexpression of AKR1C3 in prostate cancer cells redirected androgen metabolism towards testosterone production, which facilitated cell proliferation, potentially reducing the effectiveness of finasteride treatment.

research Overexpression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase under the control of mouse metallothionein I promoter in transgenic mice: evidence for a striking post-transcriptional regulation of transgene expression by a polyamine analogue

43 citations , February 1999 in “Biochemical Journal”

This study found that transgenic mice overexpressing the SSAT gene under a metallothionein promoter suffered delayed hair loss and were highly sensitive to polyamine analogues, which led to significant liver changes and mortality.

research Overexpression of neurotrophin 4 in skin enhances myelinated sensory endings but does not influence sensory neuron number

34 citations , July 2006 in “The Journal of Comparative Neurology”

This study found that overexpression of neurotrophin 4 in mouse skin increased hair follicle and Meissner corpuscle innervation without altering sensory neuron numbers, differing from brain-derived neurotrophic factor by not affecting Merkel cell numbers.

research Overexpression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus produced anxiolytic and antidepressant-like behavioural effects

25 citations , June 2017 in “Neuropharmacology”

This study observed that overexpressing TSPO in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of mice led to significant anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects, potentially mediated by increased allopregnanolone synthesis.

research Overexpression of human keratin 16 produces a distinct skin phenotype in transgenic mouse skin

25 citations , September 1995 in “Biochemistry and Cell Biology”

This study found that high levels of human cytokeratin 16 expression in transgenic mice lead to skin lesions and altered keratinocyte structure, suggesting potential implications for human skin disorders and wound healing.

research Overexpression of IL-18 in the Proliferative Phase Endometrium of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

21 citations , June 2016 in “Reproductive Sciences”

This study found increased IL-18 levels in the endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, especially in those who are overweight, suggesting a link with body mass index.

research Overexpression of Nanog in amniotic fluid–derived mesenchymal stem cells accelerates dermal papilla cell activity and promotes hair follicle regeneration

14 citations , July 2019 in “Experimental and Molecular Medicine”

This study suggests that the secretome from amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing Nanog could stimulate hair growth and increase follicle density, potentially aiding in alopecia treatment.

research Overexpression of alkaline phosphatase improves the hair-inductive capacity of cultured human dermal papilla spheres

13 citations , July 2019 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

This study suggests that 3D spheroid cultivation of dermal papilla cells can restore their hair-inductive capabilities, which are lost in 2D-cultured cells.

research Overexpression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase under the control of mouse metallothionein I promoter in transgenic mice: evidence for a striking post-transcriptional regulation of transgene expression by a polyamine analogue

13 citations , March 1999 in “Biochemical Journal”

In this study, transgenic mice overexpressing the SSAT gene were highly sensitive to polyamine analogues, leading to severe liver changes and high mortality rates after treatment.

research Overexpression of alfalfa SIMK promotes root hair growth, nodule clustering and shoot biomass production

11 citations , October 2020 in “Plant biotechnology journal”

This study found that manipulating SIMK expression in alfalfa affects root hair growth, infection thread and nodule formation, and overall plant biomass, highlighting its potential biotechnological applications.

research Overexpression of Lnk in the Ovaries Is Involved in Insulin Resistance in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

11 citations , July 2016 in “Endocrinology”

This study found that higher Lnk expression in PCOS patients may contribute to insulin resistance by inhibiting insulin signaling pathways.

research Overexpression of hepatoma-derived growth factor in melanocytes does not lead to oncogenic transformation

7 citations , October 2011 in “BMC Cancer”

This study found no evidence that HDGF expression transforms melanocytes into tumors in a mouse model, although it may play a role in cell differentiation and tumor progression.

research Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in hidradenitis suppurativa: the link between deviated immunity and metabolism

5 citations , March 2023 in “Archives of dermatological research”

This study found that hidradenitis suppurativa is associated with increased serum levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, suggesting its role in the disease's pathogenesis and as a treatment target.

research Overexpression of miR‐122 promotes apoptosis of dermal papilla cells by directly targeting IGF1R in androgenetic alopecia

2 citations , November 2021 in “Cell Biology International”

This study found that overexpression of miR-122 in balding hair follicles may induce apoptosis in human dermal papilla cells by repressing IGF1R, suggesting a new potential pathological mechanism in androgenetic alopecia.

research Overexpression of HE4/WFDC2 gene in mice leads to keratitis and corneal opacity

January 2025 in “Open Life Sciences”

This study observed that transgenic mice with overexpression of HE4 developed keratitis and severe corneal opacity, suggesting that HE4 may significantly influence keratopathy and inflammatory responses in the eye.

research Overexpression of cotton Trihelix transcription factor GhGT-3b_A04 enhances resistance to Verticillium dahliae and affects plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana

February 2023 in “Journal of Plant Physiology”

In this study, overexpressing the cotton gene GhGT-3b_A04 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced resistance to Verticillium wilt but also inhibited rosette leaf growth.

research Over-expression of thymosin beta4 promotes abnormal tooth development and stimulation of hair growth

34 citations , December 2009 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology”

In this study, thymosin beta4 over-expression in transgenic mice was linked to accelerated hair growth and abnormal tooth development, suggesting roles in hair and tooth physiology.

research Over-expression of TSPO in the hippocampal CA1 area alleviates cognitive dysfunction caused by lipopolysaccharide in mice

18 citations , June 2016 in “Brain Research”

Increasing TSPO in the brain may help improve memory problems.

research Over-, ectopic-expression of FoxN1 at early life adversely influences lymphopoiesis (HEM3P.280)

May 2014 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology”

In this study, over-expression of FoxN1 in early life was associated with detrimental effects on thymic and skin epithelial development in mice.