67 citations
,
September 2001 in “American Journal Of Pathology” This study found that overexpression of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase in transgenic mice led to UVB-induced skin tumors, but this was prevented by the ODC inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine.
88 citations
,
August 1998 in “Carcinogenesis” This study found that overexpression of ornithine decarboxylase and activated Ha-ras together led to a high rate of tumor development in a mouse model without additional carcinogens.
71 citations
,
May 1996 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that overexpression of a mutated ornithine decarboxylase transgene in mice led to complete hair loss, which could be prevented or reversed with an ODC inhibitor.
14 citations
,
March 2010 in “Gynecological endocrinology” This article provides an overview of treatment options for hirsutism, summarizing both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches, but reports no new clinical results.
31 citations
,
September 2006 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” This article reviews diagnostic criteria and treatment options for polycystic ovary syndrome, focusing on hormonal and metabolic management strategies, and presents no new clinical data.
3 citations
,
February 1983 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that plucking hair from rats' dorsal skin rapidly decreased ornithine decarboxylase activity, possibly due to an inhibitory substance that was activated by ammonium sulfate treatment.
65 citations
,
March 2004 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” In this study, overexpression of ornithine decarboxylase accelerated basal cell carcinoma in Ptch1+/– mice under UVB exposure, while its inhibition reduced tumor induction, suggesting potential chemoprevention strategies in humans.
1 citations
,
January 2010 This study found that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) may play a significant role in regulating human hair growth and hair cycle changes, as inhibiting ODC reduced follicular keratinocyte proliferation and human hair growth.
26 citations
,
June 2003 in “PubMed” In this study, severe hair loss occurred in PKC epsilon transgenic mice treated with DFMO during skin tumor prevention, highlighting a link between polyamine biosynthesis, hair follicle maintenance, and metastasis suppression.
115 citations
,
January 2001 in “American journal of clinical dermatology” This study found that eflornithine 15% cream reduced unwanted facial hair growth more effectively than a placebo in women with hirsutism, but hair growth returned to pretreatment levels within 8 weeks of stopping treatment.
1 citations
,
January 2009 in “Elsevier eBooks” This review discusses the potential enhanced effectiveness of combining Eflornithine cream with laser or light-based systems for facial hair removal and emphasizes the need for safer and more satisfactory solutions.
6 citations
,
November 2001 in “Der Hautarzt” This article reviews new developments in hypertrichosis treatments and reports no new clinical results; permanent depilation by photothermolysis and eflornithine cream are highlighted as promising options.
4 citations
,
January 2011 in “International Journal of Trichology” Accidental findings have led to new hair treatment discoveries, like using blood pressure and diabetes medications for hair loss and unwanted hair.
64 citations
,
March 2004 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” This study found that inhibiting the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) prevented UVB-induced basal cell carcinomas in a mouse model, suggesting ODC is a potential target for chemoprevention strategies.
52 citations
,
May 1997 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” This study suggests that polyamines regulate CK2 enzyme activity and its subcellular distribution, as demonstrated in mouse models and cell cultures with elevated levels of ornithine decarboxylase.
24 citations
,
June 1999 in “Mechanisms of Development” This study found that ornithine decarboxylase expression is linked to cell proliferation and differentiation in hair follicle development and growth.
17 citations
,
July 2013 in “Amino Acids” This study found that elevated epidermal ODC activity in transgenic mice promotes skin tumor development by recruiting bulge stem cells, rather than through reactive oxygen species generation by polyamine catabolic oxidases.
43 citations
,
April 2011 in “AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that androgens increase Odc1 expression in skeletal muscle myoblasts, promoting proliferation and delaying differentiation.
30 citations
,
July 2010 in “Experimental Dermatology” This article reviews the role of polyamines in hair follicle growth and discusses potential therapeutic applications but provides no new clinical results.
5 citations
,
October 2013 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study observed that putrescine and HR form a negative feedback mechanism affecting hair cycling, indicating a significant connection between HR, polyamines, and hair growth regulation.
3 citations
,
June 2009 in “The journal of alternative and complementary medicine/Journal of alternative and complementary medicine” This letter discusses the potential of green tea extract as a treatment for hirsutism but reports no clinical outcomes.
34 citations
,
April 2001 in “PubMed” This study found that eflornithine HCl 13.9% cream reduces unwanted facial hair growth in women, with effects seen in up to 60% of participants over 4-8 weeks, with mostly minor skin irritation reported.
May 2002 in “Therapeutische Umschau” This article reviews existing treatments for hypertrichosis and hirsutism, noting that while eflornithine is a promising new option, the efficacy of systemic antiandrogens remains unproven in modern clinical studies.
57 citations
,
July 2000 in “Toxicology Letters” This study found that the K6/ODC transgenic mouse model is highly sensitive to identifying genotoxic carcinogens, showing 100% concordance with traditional rodent bioassays.
54 citations
,
May 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study suggests that increased putrescine levels may disrupt normal hair follicle development in transgenic mice, leading to hair loss and altered skin structure, yet these mice appear more resistant to skin tumorigenesis.
8 citations
,
August 2014 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” The study found that over-expressing ornithine decarboxylase in the outer root sheath of the hair follicle in mice increases UVB-induced tumor growth and invasive squamous cell carcinoma compared to inter-follicular epidermal keratinocytes.
10 citations
,
August 2013 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study found that Hairless (HR) and putrescine form a negative regulatory network that impacts epidermal homeostasis and hair follicle cycling, linked to the MYC superfamily's regulation of ODC expression.
April 2026 in “Amino Acids” This study reviews prior research using transgenic K6/ODC mice and demonstrates that elevated polyamines in epithelial cells contribute significantly to skin tumor development and progression by stimulating proliferation, altering cell signaling and chromatin remodeling, and affecting immune functionality, amongst other mechanisms.
1 citations
,
April 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” In this placebo-controlled clinical study, a cream containing 4% capryloyl glycine and 1% glycine soy‐fermented extract effectively inhibited ODC1 activity and improved hypertrichosis in 91.7% of Caucasian female patients on the forearms, whereas no improvement was observed with the placebo.
199 citations
,
April 2010 in “Nature” A gene called APCDD1, which controls hair growth, is found to be faulty in a type of hair loss called hereditary hypotrichosis simplex.