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Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

This study found that women with symptoms of oligomenorrhoea and/or hirsutism are more likely to have polycystic ovaries and less favorable biochemical and clinical markers compared to asymptomatic women.

This review outlines the challenges in diagnosing hyperandrogenism in women, focusing on its manifestations like hirsutism, acne, and virilization, but provides no new results.

In this study, distinct androgen excess subtypes were identified in women with PCOS, with the adrenal androgen excess cluster showing significantly higher rates of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, suggesting 11-oxygenated androgens as potential drivers of metabolic risk.

This case study reports that a 16-year-old girl with hirsutism and menstrual irregularities was diagnosed with a benign steroid cell ovarian tumor, after high testosterone levels indicated a potential androgen-secreting source.

This article reviews hirsutism in adolescent females, discussing its hormonal basis, potential underlying conditions, and the availability of effective therapies, without reporting new research findings.

In this case report, the researchers described a postmenopausal woman with androgenic symptoms who was found to have a benign Leydig cell tumor of the left ovary, indicated by elevated testosterone levels and MRI findings, which was successfully treated with surgery.

This study found that progesterone protects rat Purkinje cells during oxygen-glucose deprivation by activating GABA A receptors through its metabolite, allopregnanolone.

This study systematically reviewed the use of topical testosterone products such as creams, gels, and patches, finding they effectively raise serum testosterone but pose significant systemic risks like acne and gynecomastia, necessitating careful medical oversight.

This review discusses steroid cell tumors of the ovary, their hormone production, symptoms, and evaluation, emphasizing surgery as the key treatment approach; it reports no new clinical results.

This study presents the G4 transgenic mouse model, which suggests a direct link between polycystic ovary syndrome and the Gm10800 gene, offering a valuable tool for understanding the disease and testing treatments.

This case study describes a rare instance of virilization during pregnancy in a woman with PCOS, with symptoms resolving post-delivery as testosterone levels normalized.

This case study highlights the complexity of managing PCOS and its symptoms in transmen, suggesting hormonal fluctuations may lead to symptomatic relief with low dose estradiol.

This study examined postmenopausal hyperandrogenism related to ovarian disease and found that specific biochemical markers can help differentiate between tumorous and non-tumorous cases, with a good level of sensitivity and specificity, supporting surgical intervention for resolution.

This study found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome have higher rates of infertility, shorter reproductive spans, and poorer fertility outcomes compared to healthy controls.

This article reviews the problem of acne and hirsutism in women, highlighting the effectiveness of combined oral contraceptives containing drospirenone and levomefolate calcium in managing these conditions and polycystic ovary syndrome, but no new clinical results are reported.

In this case study, a 62-year-old woman with severe hyperandrogenism underwent a clomiphene test, which suggested an ovarian origin for her condition, leading to the discovery of a Leydig cell tumor after a bilateral oophorectomy.

This paper addresses diagnostic criteria and treatment options for polycystic ovary syndrome, emphasizing lifestyle changes and combination oral contraceptives as primary management strategies, but it reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the current understanding of prolactin's role in female reproductive health and the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinaemia but reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that women with PCOS exhibited higher levels of alexithymia and body uneasiness compared to healthy controls, affecting their psychological and social well-being.

In this case review, researchers describe a 17-year-old transgender male experiencing clitoromegaly, hirsutism, and oligomenorrhea, investigating conditions like PCOS and non-prescription testosterone use for gender affirmation, and highlighting the importance of gender-affirming care to improve mental health outcomes.

This study observed that areola formation in mice requires exposure to pregnancy hormones and mechanical strain, beyond individual stimuli like hormonal milieu or strain alone.

This case study describes three young females with hirsutism who were diagnosed with different underlying conditions—late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia, idiopathic hirsutism, and polycystic ovary syndrome with ovarian thecosis—highlighting the need for reevaluation if initial treatments are ineffective.

In this study, women with polycystic ovary syndrome had higher body mass index and hormone levels compared to healthy women, with hyperandrogenism symptoms like hirsutism and alopecia more prevalent among the obese participants.

This case report describes a 29-year-old woman with PCOS who experienced improvements in menstrual cycle regularity and ovarian size after Ayurvedic treatment, including Matra basti therapy.

This case study found that a 1.6cm ovarian Leydig cell tumor, causing hyperandrogenism in a postmenopausal woman, evaded detection on standard imaging techniques, underscoring the difficulty of diagnosing such tumors with imaging alone.

This article discusses PCOS's limited public and feminist awareness and highlights the stress experienced by women with hirsutism, but presents no new research findings.

Hormonal contraceptives and therapies regulate organ functions and treat various conditions.

This study found that elagolix treatment did not normalize the ovulatory cycle in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Sex hormones affect reproduction, sexual development, and oral health, and it's important for dental practitioners to understand their effects and interactions.