Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
March 2010 in “Ejc Supplements” CK 5/6 expression in breast cancer is linked to negative hormone receptor status and higher tumor grade.
16 citations,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity, with estrogen possibly reducing risk and testosterone potentially increasing it.
109 citations,
October 2007 in “Journal of pineal research” Melatonin helps regulate hair growth and protects the hair follicle from stress.
102 citations,
July 2020 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Hormones like testosterone and estrogen significantly affect hair growth and structure.
67 citations,
May 2018 in “Journal of Ginseng Research” Red ginseng may improve immunity, fatigue, memory, blood circulation, and menopausal symptoms, and is generally safe to consume.
30 citations,
December 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Steroids, particularly estrogens and 5α-reductase inhibitors, affect blood vessel-related hair growth processes in hair follicle cells.
28 citations,
May 2015 in “Addiction Biology” Prenatal stress changes how male and female rats enjoy rewards differently, linked to sex hormones.
21 citations,
February 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Hormones affect prostate health and disease, with certain hormone imbalances linked to prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
20 citations,
May 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology” Aging scalp skin contributes to hair aging and loss, and more research is needed to develop better hair loss treatments.
19 citations,
December 2011 in “PubMed” Inflammation and immunity play a key role in androgenetic alopecia, with better treatment outcomes in certain immune-positive cases.
13 citations,
July 2018 in “General and comparative endocrinology” Thyroid hormones and androgens affect gene expression in frog reproductive organs differently between males and females.
11 citations,
November 2009 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Bolandiol, a synthetic steroid, builds muscle and bone without greatly affecting sex glands, and works differently from other hormones.
10 citations,
December 2017 in “Chemosphere” Bisphenol-A (BPA) increases connections between brain cells and boosts their activity, but it blocks the effects of a male hormone on brain cell plasticity.
8 citations,
January 1987 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Flutamide, an antiandrogen, has minimal impact on female rat endocrine systems and does not significantly change their reproductive cycles.
3 citations,
January 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks” Steroid hormones are crucial for body functions and have various medical uses, but their misuse can lead to dependence.
3 citations,
February 2015 in “Mechanisms of development” Hormones and stretching both needed for nipple area skin growth in mice.
3 citations,
July 2013 in “Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry” Chinese black tea extract helped mice grow hair, especially when combined with capsaicin.
1 citations,
November 2023 in “Biomedicines” Menopause can cause hair thinning and texture changes due to hormonal and metabolic shifts.
1 citations,
September 2020 in “Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports” The conclusion is that thorough investigation of hypertension and hormonal dysfunctions is important, and there may be a link between these conditions and cancer.
1 citations,
September 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Men have worse COVID-19 outcomes than women due to genetic and hormonal differences.
June 2023 in “Journal of multidisciplinary sciences (Online)” PCOS is linked to a higher risk of endometrial cancer but not ovarian or breast cancer, and more research is needed on its role in cancer development and treatment effects.
February 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Dihydrotestosterone increases arterial stiffness in female mice without changing blood pressure or aortic wall thickness.
October 2010 in “International Journal of Dermatology” An 86-year-old man with prostate cancer was diagnosed with a rare, low-grade breast cancer and underwent surgery but declined additional hormone therapy.
March 2010 in “Ejc Supplements” ROR-alpha may increase the growth of certain breast cancer cells by boosting aromatase, which could affect breast cancer prognosis.
May 2022 in “Endocrine Abstracts” Finasteride may cause sexual dysfunction by reducing epinephrine levels.
55 citations,
January 2007 in “Climacteric” Menopause and aging can affect women's quality of life and sexuality, but hormone therapies may help alleviate these issues.
1 citations,
February 2022 in “The Journal of Urology” Certain drugs like Dutasteride and Finasteride might help fight SARS-CoV-2 by increasing levels of a steroid called DHEA, which can protect the heart and increase nitric oxide to counteract the virus.
2 citations,
February 2021 in “Brain Research” Testosterone affects blood pressure control and inflammation in male rats with endotoxic shock, and blocking certain hormones may help treat it.
April 2024 in “JCEM case reports” A man's breast enlargement from low-dose finasteride for hair loss didn't go away, even with treatment, and might be more common than reported.